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Anatomy > Unit Three: Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Unit Three: Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other name of Cranial Nerve I?

A

The Olfactory Nerves.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve I?

A

Special sensory - smell.

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3
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve I?

A

Receptors of olfactory epithelium.

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4
Q

Where does cranial nerve I pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid.

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5
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory bulbs.

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6
Q

What is the other name of cranial nerve II?

A

The optic nerves.

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7
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve II?

A

Special sensory - vision.

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8
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve II?

A

Retina of the eye.

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9
Q

Where does cranial nerve II pass through?

A

Optic canal of sphenoid.

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10
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve II?

A

Diencephalon.

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11
Q

What is the other name for cranial nerve III?

A

The Oculomotor nerves.

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12
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve III?

A

Motor, eye movements.

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13
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve III? (2)

A
  1. Oculomotor nucleus. 2. Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
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14
Q

Where does cranial nerve III pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid.

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15
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve III? (2)

A
  1. Somatic motor: Superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles; the inferior oblique; the levator palpebrae superioris. 2. Visceral motor: Intrinsic eye muscles.
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16
Q

What is the other name of cranial nerve IV?

A

The Trochlear Nerves.

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17
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve IV?

A

Motor, eye movements.

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18
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve IV?

A

Mesencephalon.

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19
Q

Where does cranial nerve IV pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid.

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20
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve IV?

A

Superior oblique.

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21
Q

What is the other name of cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal Nerves.

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22
Q

What are the functions of cranial nerve V? (2)

A

Mixed (sensory and motor). 1. Ophthalmic and maxillary divisions: sensory. 2. Mandibular division: mixed.

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23
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve V’s opthalmic division?

A

Orbital structures, nasal cavity, skin of forehead, superior eyelid, eyebrow, and part of the nose.

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24
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve V’s maxillary division?

A

Inferior eyelid, upper lip, gums, and teeth; cheek; nose, palate, and part of the pharynx.

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25
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve V’s mandibular division? (2)

A
  1. Sensory from lower gums, teeth, and lips; palate and tongue (part). 2. Motor from motor nuclei of pons.
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26
Q

Where does cranial nerve V’s opthalmic division pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure.

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27
Q

Where does cranial nerve V’s maxillary division pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum.

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28
Q

Where does cranial nerve V’s mandibular division pass through?

A

Foramen ovale.

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29
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve V? (2)

A
  1. Sensory nuclei in the pons. 2. Mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication (chewing).
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30
Q

What is the other name for cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducens Nerves.

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31
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve VI?

A

Motor, eye movements.

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32
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve VI?

A

Pons.

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33
Q

Where does cranial nerve VI pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid.

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34
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve VI?

A

Lateral rectus.

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35
Q

What is the other name for cranial nerve VII?

A

Facial Nerves.

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36
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve VII?

A

Mixed (sensory and motor).

37
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve VII? (2)

A
  1. Sensory: taste receptors on anterior two-thirds of tongue. 2. Motor: motor nuclei of pons.
38
Q

Where does cranial nerve VII pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone, along facial canal to reach stylomastoid foramen.

39
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve VII? (2)

A

Sensory nuclei of pons. 1. Somatic motor: muscles of facial expression. 2. Visceral motor: lacrimal (tear) gland and nasal mucous glands via pterygopalatine ganglion; submandibular and sublingual glands via submandibular ganglion.

40
Q

What is the other name for cranial nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerves.

41
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve VIII? (2)

A

Special sensory: balance and equilibrium (vestibular division) and hearing (cochlear division).

42
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Receptors of the internal ear (vestibule and cochlea).

43
Q

Where does cranial nerve VIII pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone.

44
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla oblongata.

45
Q

What is another name for cranial nerve IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerves.

46
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve IX?

A

Mixed (sensory and motor).

47
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve IX? (2)

A
  1. Sensory: Posterior one-third of the tongue, part of the pharynx and palate, the carotid arteries of the neck. 2. Motor: motor nuclei of medulla oblongata
48
Q

Where does cranial nerve IX pass through?

A

Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones.

49
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve IX? (3)

A
  1. Sensory fibers: Sensory nuclei of medulla oblongata. 2. Somatic motor: Pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing. 3. Visceral motor: Parotid gland, after synapsing in the otic ganglion.
50
Q

What is the other name for cranial nerve X?

A

Vagus nerve.

51
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve X?

A

Mixed (sensory and motor).

52
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve X? (2)

A
  1. Visceral sensory: Pharynx (part), auricle, external acoustic meatus, diaphragm, and visceral organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. 2. Visceral motor: Motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata.
53
Q

Where does cranial nerve X pass through?

A

Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones.

54
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve X? (3)

A
  1. Sensory fibers: Sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata. 2. Somatic motor: Muscles of the palate and pharynx. 3. Visceral motor: Respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
55
Q

What is the other name for cranial nerve XI?

A

Accessory Nerves.

56
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve XI?

A

Motor.

57
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve XI?

A

Motor nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata.

58
Q

Where does cranial nerve XI pass through?

A

Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones.

59
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve XI?

A

Internal branch innervates voluntary muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx; external branch controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

60
Q

What is the other name for cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal Nerves.

61
Q

What is the primary function of cranial nerve XII?

A

Motor, tongue movements.

62
Q

Where is the origin of cranial nerve XII?

A

Motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata.

63
Q

Where does cranial nerve XII pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone.

64
Q

Where is the destination of cranial nerve XII?

A

Muscles of the tongue.

65
Q

What four cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division?

A
  1. Oculomotor. 2. Facial. 3. Glossopharyngeal. 4. Vagus.
66
Q

What does the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate? (4)

A
  1. Lacrimal glands. 2. Small glands of nasal cavity. 3. Oral cavity. 4. Palate.
67
Q

What nerve innervates the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Facial nerve.

68
Q

What nerve innervates the submandibular ganglion?

A

Facial nerve.

69
Q

What does the submandibular ganglion innervate? (2)

A
  1. Submandibular gland. 2. Sublingual gland.
70
Q

What nerve innervates the otic ganglion?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).

71
Q

What does the otic ganglion innervate?

A

Parotid gland.

72
Q

What sensory is relayed by V1 of the trigeminal nerve? (4)

A
  1. Cornea. 2. Nose. 3. Forehead. 4. Anterior scalp.
73
Q

What sensory is relayed by V2 of the trigeminal nerve? (4)

A
  1. Nasal mucosa. 2. Palate. 3. Gums. 4. Cheek.
74
Q

What sensory is relayed by V3 of the trigeminal nerve? (5)

A
  1. Anterior 2/3rds of tongue. 2. Meninges. 3. Skin of chin. 4. Lower teeth. 5. Part of ear.
75
Q

Where do sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve synapse?

A

Trigeminal ganglion.

76
Q

What nerve loops under the arch of the aorta and innervates the larynx?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve.

77
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve I?

A

Special Sensory (Smell).

78
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve II?

A

Special Sensory (Vision).

79
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve VIII?

A

Special Sensory (Equilibrium and balance and hearing).

80
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve III? (2)

A
  1. Somatic Motor. 2. Visceral Motor.
81
Q

What are the visceral motor functions of cranial nerve III associated with? (2)

A
  1. Sphincter pupillae. 2. Ciliary muscle.
82
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerves V? (2)

A
  1. Special Motor. 2. Somatic Sensory.
83
Q

What nerves are associated with all 5 neural modalities? (3)

A
  1. VII. 2. IX. 3. X.
84
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve XI?

A

Special motor.

85
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve XII?

A

Somatic motor.

86
Q

What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerves IV and VI?

A

Somatic motor.

87
Q

What can vagus nerve dysfunction cause? (4)

A
  1. Difficulty swallowing. 2. Hoarseness. 3. Loss of gag reflex. 4. Inability to vary pitch.
88
Q

Damage to what nerve may cause dry mouth?

A

The facial nerve.

Anatomy (38 decks)

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