Unit Three: Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What is the other name of Cranial Nerve I?
The Olfactory Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve I?
Special sensory - smell.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve I?
Receptors of olfactory epithelium.
Where does cranial nerve I pass through?
Cribriform plate of ethmoid.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve I?
Olfactory bulbs.
What is the other name of cranial nerve II?
The optic nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve II?
Special sensory - vision.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve II?
Retina of the eye.
Where does cranial nerve II pass through?
Optic canal of sphenoid.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve II?
Diencephalon.
What is the other name for cranial nerve III?
The Oculomotor nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve III?
Motor, eye movements.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve III? (2)
- Oculomotor nucleus. 2. Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
Where does cranial nerve III pass through?
Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve III? (2)
- Somatic motor: Superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles; the inferior oblique; the levator palpebrae superioris. 2. Visceral motor: Intrinsic eye muscles.
What is the other name of cranial nerve IV?
The Trochlear Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve IV?
Motor, eye movements.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve IV?
Mesencephalon.
Where does cranial nerve IV pass through?
Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve IV?
Superior oblique.
What is the other name of cranial nerve V?
Trigeminal Nerves.
What are the functions of cranial nerve V? (2)
Mixed (sensory and motor). 1. Ophthalmic and maxillary divisions: sensory. 2. Mandibular division: mixed.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve V’s opthalmic division?
Orbital structures, nasal cavity, skin of forehead, superior eyelid, eyebrow, and part of the nose.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve V’s maxillary division?
Inferior eyelid, upper lip, gums, and teeth; cheek; nose, palate, and part of the pharynx.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve V’s mandibular division? (2)
- Sensory from lower gums, teeth, and lips; palate and tongue (part). 2. Motor from motor nuclei of pons.
Where does cranial nerve V’s opthalmic division pass through?
Superior orbital fissure.
Where does cranial nerve V’s maxillary division pass through?
Foramen rotundum.
Where does cranial nerve V’s mandibular division pass through?
Foramen ovale.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve V? (2)
- Sensory nuclei in the pons. 2. Mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication (chewing).
What is the other name for cranial nerve VI?
Abducens Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve VI?
Motor, eye movements.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve VI?
Pons.
Where does cranial nerve VI pass through?
Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve VI?
Lateral rectus.
What is the other name for cranial nerve VII?
Facial Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve VII?
Mixed (sensory and motor).
Where is the origin of cranial nerve VII? (2)
- Sensory: taste receptors on anterior two-thirds of tongue. 2. Motor: motor nuclei of pons.
Where does cranial nerve VII pass through?
Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone, along facial canal to reach stylomastoid foramen.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve VII? (2)
Sensory nuclei of pons. 1. Somatic motor: muscles of facial expression. 2. Visceral motor: lacrimal (tear) gland and nasal mucous glands via pterygopalatine ganglion; submandibular and sublingual glands via submandibular ganglion.
What is the other name for cranial nerve VIII?
Vestibulocochlear Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve VIII? (2)
Special sensory: balance and equilibrium (vestibular division) and hearing (cochlear division).
Where is the origin of cranial nerve VIII?
Receptors of the internal ear (vestibule and cochlea).
Where does cranial nerve VIII pass through?
Internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve VIII?
Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla oblongata.
What is another name for cranial nerve IX?
Glossopharyngeal Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve IX?
Mixed (sensory and motor).
Where is the origin of cranial nerve IX? (2)
- Sensory: Posterior one-third of the tongue, part of the pharynx and palate, the carotid arteries of the neck. 2. Motor: motor nuclei of medulla oblongata
Where does cranial nerve IX pass through?
Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve IX? (3)
- Sensory fibers: Sensory nuclei of medulla oblongata. 2. Somatic motor: Pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing. 3. Visceral motor: Parotid gland, after synapsing in the otic ganglion.
What is the other name for cranial nerve X?
Vagus nerve.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve X?
Mixed (sensory and motor).
Where is the origin of cranial nerve X? (2)
- Visceral sensory: Pharynx (part), auricle, external acoustic meatus, diaphragm, and visceral organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. 2. Visceral motor: Motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata.
Where does cranial nerve X pass through?
Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve X? (3)
- Sensory fibers: Sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata. 2. Somatic motor: Muscles of the palate and pharynx. 3. Visceral motor: Respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
What is the other name for cranial nerve XI?
Accessory Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve XI?
Motor.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve XI?
Motor nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata.
Where does cranial nerve XI pass through?
Jugular foramen between occipital and temporal bones.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve XI?
Internal branch innervates voluntary muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx; external branch controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
What is the other name for cranial nerve XII?
Hypoglossal Nerves.
What is the primary function of cranial nerve XII?
Motor, tongue movements.
Where is the origin of cranial nerve XII?
Motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata.
Where does cranial nerve XII pass through?
Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone.
Where is the destination of cranial nerve XII?
Muscles of the tongue.
What four cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division?
- Oculomotor. 2. Facial. 3. Glossopharyngeal. 4. Vagus.
What does the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate? (4)
- Lacrimal glands. 2. Small glands of nasal cavity. 3. Oral cavity. 4. Palate.
What nerve innervates the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Facial nerve.
What nerve innervates the submandibular ganglion?
Facial nerve.
What does the submandibular ganglion innervate? (2)
- Submandibular gland. 2. Sublingual gland.
What nerve innervates the otic ganglion?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
What does the otic ganglion innervate?
Parotid gland.
What sensory is relayed by V1 of the trigeminal nerve? (4)
- Cornea. 2. Nose. 3. Forehead. 4. Anterior scalp.
What sensory is relayed by V2 of the trigeminal nerve? (4)
- Nasal mucosa. 2. Palate. 3. Gums. 4. Cheek.
What sensory is relayed by V3 of the trigeminal nerve? (5)
- Anterior 2/3rds of tongue. 2. Meninges. 3. Skin of chin. 4. Lower teeth. 5. Part of ear.
Where do sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve synapse?
Trigeminal ganglion.
What nerve loops under the arch of the aorta and innervates the larynx?
The recurrent laryngeal nerve.
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve I?
Special Sensory (Smell).
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve II?
Special Sensory (Vision).
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve VIII?
Special Sensory (Equilibrium and balance and hearing).
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve III? (2)
- Somatic Motor. 2. Visceral Motor.
What are the visceral motor functions of cranial nerve III associated with? (2)
- Sphincter pupillae. 2. Ciliary muscle.
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerves V? (2)
- Special Motor. 2. Somatic Sensory.
What nerves are associated with all 5 neural modalities? (3)
- VII. 2. IX. 3. X.
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve XI?
Special motor.
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerve XII?
Somatic motor.
What neural modalities are associated with cranial nerves IV and VI?
Somatic motor.
What can vagus nerve dysfunction cause? (4)
- Difficulty swallowing. 2. Hoarseness. 3. Loss of gag reflex. 4. Inability to vary pitch.
Damage to what nerve may cause dry mouth?
The facial nerve.
