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Anatomy > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle. 2. Cardiac muscle. 3. Smooth muscle.
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2
Q

What 4 properties for muscle tissues share?

A
  1. Excitability. 2. Contractility. 3. Extensibility. 4. Elasticity.
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3
Q

What is excitability?

A

The ability to respond to stimulation.

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4
Q

What is contractility?

A

The ability to shorten actively and exert a pull or tension that is harnessed by connective tissues.

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5
Q

What is extensibility?

A

The ability to contract over a range or resting lengths.

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6
Q

What is elasticity?

A

The ability of a muscle to return to its original length after a contraction.

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7
Q

Describe the shape of a skeletal muscle tissue cell (3).

A

They are: 1. Long and cylindrical. 2. Striated. 3. multinucleate.

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8
Q

Where are skeletal muscles tissues found?

A

Combined with connective tissues and neural tissues in skeletal muscles.

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9
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissues? (4)

A
  1. Moves or stabilizes the position or the skeleton. 2. Guards entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts. 3. Generates heat. 4. Protects internal organs.
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10
Q

Are skeletal muscle fibers branched or unbranched?

A

Unbranched.

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11
Q

Describe the shape of cardiac muscle tissue cells (3).

A
  1. Short. 2. Branched. 3. Striated.
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12
Q

How are cardiac muscle tissue cells interconnected?

A

They are interconnected by intercalcated disks.

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13
Q

Where are cardiac muscle tissues found?

A

The heart.

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14
Q

What are the functions of cardiac muscle tissues? (2)

A
  1. Circulates blood. 2. Maintains blood pressure.
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15
Q

Describe the shape of a smooth muscle tissue cell (3).

A
  1. Short, spindle-shaped. 2. Non-striated. 3. Single, central nucleus.
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16
Q

Where are smooth muscle tissues found?

A

Walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs.

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17
Q

What are the functions of smooth muscle tissues? (4)

A
  1. Moves food and urine. 2. Reproductive tract secretions. 3. Controls diameter of respiratory passageways. 4. Regulates diameter of blood vessels.
18
Q

What is another name for a skeletal muscle cell?

A

A muscle fiber.

19
Q

Can skeletal muscle fibers divide? If not, how are new ones produced.

A

No. New muscle fibers are produced through the division of myosatellite cells (satellite cells).

20
Q

Can skeletal muscles completely repair after an injury?

A

No, they can only partially repair.

21
Q

What two contractile filaments are contained within skeletal muscle fibers?

A
  1. Actin. 2. Myosin.
22
Q

What results in the striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Actin and myosin being arranged in parallel within organized functional groups.

23
Q

Are skeletal muscle fibers considered a striated voluntary muscle?

A

Yes.

24
Q

What is the epimysium? What does it do?

A
  1. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the entire skeletal muscle. 2. It separates the muscle from surrounding tissues and organs and is connected to the deep fascia.
25
Q

What are the three concentric layers, or wrappings, of connective tissue each skeletal muscle has? (From outside-in).

A
  1. Outer epimysium. 2. Central perimysium. 3. Inner endomysium.
26
Q

What are fascicles?

A

Bundles of muscle fibers.

27
Q

What does a skeletal muscle consist of?

A

Bundles of fascicles.

28
Q

What does the perimysium surround?

A

It surrounds fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers).

29
Q

What does the endomysium surround?

A

It surrounds each muscle fiber.

30
Q

What does the permysium do?

A

Contains collagen and elastic fibers, and numerous blood vessels and nerves supply each fascicle.

31
Q

What does the endomysium do? (2)

A
  1. Binds each muscle fiber to its neighbor, and supports the capillaries that supply the individual fiber. 2. Contains myostellite cells.
32
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

The functional unit of skeletal muscle tissue.

33
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

Where the motor neuron meets the muscle fiber.

34
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls.

35
Q

What are larger motor units associated with?

A

Powerful, gross movements.

36
Q

What does more control result from?

A

One nerve controlling fewer muscle fibers (small motor units).

37
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers?

A
  1. Slow oxidative fibers. 2. Fast oxidative fibers. 3. Fast glycolytic fibers.
38
Q

What do slow oxidative fibers allow for? Why?

A

Endurance exercise because they contract for a long time, but they are not powerful.

39
Q

What do fast glycolytic fibers allow for? Why?

A

Instantaneous power since they can not contract for long, but are powerful.

40
Q

Are slow oxidative fibers aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic.

41
Q

Are fast glycolytic fibers aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic.

42
Q

What is a strain?

A

An injury to a tendon or muscle (stretch or tear) resulting from overuse or trauma.

Anatomy (38 decks)

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