Unit Four: Lower Extermity

Question 1

What are the plexuses of the lower extremity?

Answer 1

1. Lumbar. 2. Sacral.

Question 2

What two nerves branch off of the lumbar plexuses?

Answer 2

1. Femoral. 2. Obturator.

Question 3

What rami contribute to the lumbar plexuses?

Answer 3

L1-L4.

Question 4

What rami contribute to the sacral plexuses?

Answer 4

L4-S5.

Question 5

What three nerves branch off of the sacral plexuses?

Answer 5

1. Superior gluteal. 2. Inferior gluteal. 3. Sciatic nerve.

Question 6

What artery and nerve exits below the piriformis?

Answer 6

The inferior gluteal nerve and artery.

Question 7

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

Answer 7

All of the adductors.

Question 8

What two muscles are innervated by the obturator and another nerve?

Answer 8

1. Adductor magnus. 2. Pectineus.

Question 9

Where is the cutaneous innervation of the obturator nerve?

Answer 9

Medial thigh.

Question 10

What artery supplies the artery to the femoral head?

Answer 10

The obturator artery.

Question 11

What does the artery to the femoral head travel within?

Answer 11

The ligament of the femoral head.

Question 12

What are the 3 boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 12

Superior: Inguinal ligament. Laterally: Sartorius muscle. Medially: Adductor longus muscle.

Question 13

What travels within the femoral sheath?

Answer 13

Femoral artery, vein, and nerve.

Question 14

What nerve roots contribute to the femoral nerve?

Answer 14

L2-L4.

Question 15

What innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 15

The femoral nerve.

Question 16

What is the cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve?

Answer 16

Anterior thigh and medial leg.

Question 17

Where does the femoral artery become the popiteal artery?

Answer 17

At the popiteal artery.

Question 18

What does the femoral artery divide into at the inferior popiteal fossa? (2)

Answer 18

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

Question 19

What does the femoral artery branch off to in the femoral trangle?

Answer 19

The deep femoral artery.

Question 20

What two arteries branch off of the deep femoral artery?

Answer 20

1. Medial circumflex artery. 2. Lateral circumflex artery.

Question 21

What nerve roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?

Answer 21

L4-S3.

Question 22

What nerve branches does the sciatic nerve provide innervation for? (2)

Answer 22

1. Tibial division. 2. Common Fibular division.

Question 23

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 23

The great and small saphenous veins.

Question 24

What results in one side of the hip (opposite the planted foot) dropping while walking?

Answer 24

The opposite gluteus medius not contracting.

Question 25

Does the fibula articulate with the knee joint?

Answer 25

No.

Question 26

What does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to? (2)

Answer 26

The lateral femoral condyle and the anterior tibial plateau.

Question 27

What does the posterior cruciate ligament attach to? (2)

Answer 27

The medial femoral condyle and the posterior tibial plateau.

Question 28

What does the cruciate ligaments do? (2)

Answer 28

1. Provide rotational stability. 2. Prevent anterior and posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.

Question 29

What kind of force does the medial collateral ligament prevent?

Answer 29

Valgus force.

Question 30

What kind of force does the lateral collateral ligament prevent?

Answer 30

Varus force.

Question 31

What is a valgus force?

Answer 31

A force pushing medially toward the knee joint. Would cause the knees to knock together.

Question 32

What does the ACL do during movement? What does the PCL do?

Answer 32

1. Prevent anterior translation of the tibia. 2. Prevent posterior translation of the tibia.

Question 33

Where is the cuboid?

Answer 33

On the lateral side of the foot.

Question 34

Where is the navicular located in respect to other tarsals? (2)

Answer 34

1. On the medial side of the foot posterior to the medial and intermediate cuneiform. 2. Medial to the Cuboid.

Question 35

Where is the calcaneus?

Answer 35

The “heel bone.” It is the most posterior foot bone.

Question 36

Where is the talus?

Answer 36

Anterior to the calcaneus. Posterior to the navicular.

Question 37

What motion is associated with the sarcoiliac (SI) joint?

Answer 37

Gliding.

Question 38

What motion is associated with the coxal (hip) joint? (4)

Answer 38

1. Flexion/extension. 2. Circumduction. 3. Abduction/Adduction. 4. Medial/lateral rotation.

Question 39

What motion is associated with the patellofemoral joint?

Answer 39

Gliding.

Question 40

What motion is associated with the talocrural (ankle) joint?

Answer 40

Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion.

Question 41

What motion is associated with the intertarsal joint? (2)

Answer 41

1. Gliding. 2. Inversion/eversion.

Question 42

What motion is associated with the tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 42

Gliding.

Question 43

What motion is associated with the interphalangeal joint? What kind of joint is it?

Answer 43

Flexion/extension. It is a hinge joint.

Question 44

What motion is associated with the metatarsal proximal phalanx (condyloid/ellipsoid) joint? (3)

Answer 44

1. Flexion/extension. 2. Abduction/adduction. 3. Circumduction (toe 1).

Question 45

What joint bears the weight in the ankle?

Answer 45

The tibiotalar joint.

Question 46

What is a meniscus? What does it do? (2)

Answer 46

It is a C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between your shinbone and thighbone. It also deepens the articular surface.

Question 47

How can a meniscus be injured?

Answer 47

By suddenly twisting your ankle while bearing weight on it.