Unit Four: Lower Extermity Flashcards
What are the plexuses of the lower extremity?
- Lumbar. 2. Sacral.
What two nerves branch off of the lumbar plexuses?
- Femoral. 2. Obturator.
What rami contribute to the lumbar plexuses?
L1-L4.
What rami contribute to the sacral plexuses?
L4-S5.
What three nerves branch off of the sacral plexuses?
- Superior gluteal. 2. Inferior gluteal. 3. Sciatic nerve.
What artery and nerve exits below the piriformis?
The inferior gluteal nerve and artery.
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
All of the adductors.
What two muscles are innervated by the obturator and another nerve?
- Adductor magnus. 2. Pectineus.
Where is the cutaneous innervation of the obturator nerve?
Medial thigh.
What artery supplies the artery to the femoral head?
The obturator artery.
What does the artery to the femoral head travel within?
The ligament of the femoral head.
What are the 3 boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superior: Inguinal ligament. Laterally: Sartorius muscle. Medially: Adductor longus muscle.
What travels within the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery, vein, and nerve.
What nerve roots contribute to the femoral nerve?
L2-L4.
What innervates the anterior thigh muscles?
The femoral nerve.
What is the cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve?
Anterior thigh and medial leg.
Where does the femoral artery become the popiteal artery?
At the popiteal artery.
What does the femoral artery divide into at the inferior popiteal fossa? (2)
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
What does the femoral artery branch off to in the femoral trangle?
The deep femoral artery.
What two arteries branch off of the deep femoral artery?
- Medial circumflex artery. 2. Lateral circumflex artery.
What nerve roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3.
What nerve branches does the sciatic nerve provide innervation for? (2)
- Tibial division. 2. Common Fibular division.
What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?
The great and small saphenous veins.
What results in one side of the hip (opposite the planted foot) dropping while walking?
The opposite gluteus medius not contracting.
Does the fibula articulate with the knee joint?
No.
What does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to? (2)
The lateral femoral condyle and the anterior tibial plateau.
What does the posterior cruciate ligament attach to? (2)
The medial femoral condyle and the posterior tibial plateau.
What does the cruciate ligaments do? (2)
- Provide rotational stability. 2. Prevent anterior and posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.
What kind of force does the medial collateral ligament prevent?
Valgus force.
What kind of force does the lateral collateral ligament prevent?
Varus force.
What is a valgus force?
A force pushing medially toward the knee joint. Would cause the knees to knock together.
What does the ACL do during movement? What does the PCL do?
- Prevent anterior translation of the tibia. 2. Prevent posterior translation of the tibia.
Where is the cuboid?
On the lateral side of the foot.
Where is the navicular located in respect to other tarsals? (2)
- On the medial side of the foot posterior to the medial and intermediate cuneiform. 2. Medial to the Cuboid.
Where is the calcaneus?
The “heel bone.” It is the most posterior foot bone.
Where is the talus?
Anterior to the calcaneus. Posterior to the navicular.
What motion is associated with the sarcoiliac (SI) joint?
Gliding.
What motion is associated with the coxal (hip) joint? (4)
- Flexion/extension. 2. Circumduction. 3. Abduction/Adduction. 4. Medial/lateral rotation.
What motion is associated with the patellofemoral joint?
Gliding.
What motion is associated with the talocrural (ankle) joint?
Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion.
What motion is associated with the intertarsal joint? (2)
- Gliding. 2. Inversion/eversion.
What motion is associated with the tarsometatarsal joint?
Gliding.
What motion is associated with the interphalangeal joint? What kind of joint is it?
Flexion/extension. It is a hinge joint.
What motion is associated with the metatarsal proximal phalanx (condyloid/ellipsoid) joint? (3)
- Flexion/extension. 2. Abduction/adduction. 3. Circumduction (toe 1).
What joint bears the weight in the ankle?
The tibiotalar joint.
What is a meniscus? What does it do? (2)
It is a C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between your shinbone and thighbone. It also deepens the articular surface.
How can a meniscus be injured?
By suddenly twisting your ankle while bearing weight on it.
