Unit Four: Muscles of the Lower Extremity

Question 1

Where does the tensor fasciae latae originate and insert?

Answer 1

Originates on the iliac crest posterior to ASIS. Inserts on the iliotibial tract (IT tract).

Question 2

What are the actions of the tensor fasciae latae on the hip?

Answer 2

1. Hip flexion. 2. Abduction. 3. Medial flexion.

Question 3

Where does the gluteus minimus originate and insert?

Answer 3

Originates on the lateral ilium. Inserts on the greater trochanter of femur.

Question 4

What are the actions of the gluteus minimus on the hip?

Answer 4

1. Abduction. 2. Medial rotation.

Question 5

Where does the gluteus medius originate and insert?

Answer 5

Originates on posterior iliac crest. Inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 6

What are the actions of the gluteus medius on the hip? (2)

Answer 6

1. Abduction. 2. Medial rotation.

Question 7

What muscles are involved in knee flexion?

Answer 7

1. Posterior thigh muscles. 2. Gracilis. 3. Sartorius. 4. Plantaris. 5. Gastrocnemius. 6. Popliteus.

Question 8

What muscles are involved in knee extension?

Answer 8

Anterior thigh muscles.

Question 9

What muscle(s) are involved in lateral knee rotation?

Answer 9

Biceps femoris (long and short head).

Question 10

What muscles are involved in medial knee rotation?

Answer 10

1. Semimembranous. 2. Semitendinosus. 3. Gracilis. 4. Sartorius.

Question 11

What muscles are involved in hip extension?

Answer 11

Posterior thigh muscles, except short head of biceps femoris.

Question 12

What muscles are involved in hip flexion?

Answer 12

1. Medial thigh muscles, except gracilis. 2. Anterior lateral thigh muscles. 3. Rectus femoris.

Question 13

What muscles are involved in hip adduction?

Answer 13

All medial thigh muscles.

Question 14

What muscles are involved in hip abduction?

Answer 14

1. Gluteal muscles. 2. Sartorius. 3. Tensor fasiae latae.

Question 15

What muscles are involved in lateral hip rotation?

Answer 15

1. Gluteus maximus. 2. Piriformis. 3. Sartorius. 4. Adductor magnus (Hamstring part).

Question 16

What muscles are involved in medial hip rotation?

Answer 16

1. Gluteal muscles, except maximus. 2. Medial thigh muscles. 3. Tensor fasciae latae.

Question 17

What muscles originate on the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 17

1. Semitendinosus. 2. Semimembranosus. 3. Long head of biceps femoris. 4. Adductor magnus (hamstring part).

Question 18

What muscles insert on the linea aspera?

Answer 18

The three adductor muscles (magnus, longus, brevis).

Question 19

Where does the pectineus originate and insert?

Answer 19

Originates on pectineal line of pubis and inserts on pectineal line of femur.

Question 20

What muscles insert on the pes anserine insertion?

Answer 20

1. Gracilis. 2. Semiteninosus. 3. Sartorius.

Question 21

What muscles originate on the inferior ramus of the pubis? (3)

Answer 21

1. Gracilis. 2. Adductor brevis. 3. Adductor part of adductor magnus.

Question 22

Where does the adductor longus originate?

Answer 22

On the pubic tubercle.

Question 23

What muscles originate on the linea aspera?

Answer 23

1. Vastus medialis. 2. Vastus lateralis.

Question 24

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

Answer 24

On the fibular head.

Question 25

Where does the psoas major originate and insert?

Answer 25

Originates on the lumbar transverse processes and inserts on the lesser trochanter, merging with iliacus to form iliopsoas.

Question 26

Where does the iliacus insert?

Answer 26

On the lesser trochanter, merging with psoas major to form iliopsoas.

Question 27

Where does the sartorius originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 27

On the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). Inserts on the pes anserine insertion.

Question 28

Where does the rectus femoris originate and insert?

Answer 28

Originates on anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS). Inserts on quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberositiy.

Question 29

What muscles insert on the quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberositiy?

Answer 29

1. Rectus femoris. 2. Vastus medialis. 3. Vastus intermedius. 4. Vastus lateralis.

Question 30

Where does the fibularis brevis originate and insert?

Answer 30

Originate on middle part of fibula and inserts on the base of the 5th metatarsal.

Question 31

What innervates the tensor fasciae latae? What artery supplies it?

Answer 31

1. The superior gluteal nerve. 2. Superior gluteal/lateral circumflex femoral artery.

Question 32

What muscles are involved in dorsiflexion?

Answer 32

All anterior compartment muscles.

Question 33

What muscles are involved in eversion?

Answer 33

1. All lateral leg compartment muscles. 2. Fibularis tertius.

Question 34

What muscles are involved in plantarflexion?

Answer 34

1. All lateral leg compartment muscles. 2. All superficial posterior compartment muscles. 3. All deep posterior compartment muscles, except popliteus.

Question 35

What muscles are involved in inversion?

Answer 35

1. Tibialis posterior. 2. Tibialis anterior.

Question 36

What are all anterior compartment muscles innervated by?

Answer 36

The deep fibular nerve.

Question 37

What are all anterior compartment muscles supplied blood by?

Answer 37

The anterior tibial artery.

Question 38

What are all superficial and deep posterior compartment muscles innervated by?

Answer 38

The tibial nerve.

Question 39

What artery supplies blood to all superficial posterior compartment muscles?

Answer 39

Posterior tibial artery.

Question 40

What artery supplies all deep posterior compartment muscles?

Answer 40

1. The posterior tibial artery. 2. Fibular artery.

Question 41

What special action does the popliteus do?

Answer 41

Unlocks the knee at the beginning of flexion. Knee is locked at full extension.