Unit Three: Muscles of the Face and Neck

Question 1

Where is the origin for muscles of facial expressions? (2)

Answer 1

1. Superficial fascia (hypodermis). Or 2. Skull bones.

Question 2

Where is the insertion for muscles of facial expression?

Answer 2

Superficial fascia (hypodermis) of the skin.

Question 3

What are most muscles of facial expressions innervated by?

Answer 3

Cranial nerve XII (the facial nerve).

Question 4

What are the two bellies of the occipitofrontalis?

Answer 4

1. Frontal. 2. Occipital.

Question 5

What is the function of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis? (2)

Answer 5

1. Elevate eyebrows. 2. Wrinkle scalp.

Question 6

What is the function of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?

Answer 6

Retracts scalp.

Question 7

What does the epicranial aponeurosis (occipitofrontalis) do?

Answer 7

Connects the two muscle bellies of the occipitofrontalis.

Question 8

What are the two muscles of the nose?

Answer 8

1. Procerus. 2. Nasalis.

Question 9

What is the function of the procerus? (2)

Answer 9

1. Depresses medial eyebrows. 2. Wrinkles skin over nose.

Question 10

What is the function of the nasalis? (3)

Answer 10

1. Compresses the bridge. 2. Depresses the tip of the nose. 3. Elevates corners of the nostrils.

Question 11

What is the function of the buccinator? (3)

Answer 11

1. Compresses the cheek. 2. Draws the corners of the mouth laterally. 3. Hold food between teeth when chewing.

Question 12

Does the buccinator open or close the jaw?

Answer 12

No.

Question 13

What is the function of the depressor anguli oris?

Answer 13

Draws the corner of the mouth inferiorly and lateraly.

Question 14

What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?

Answer 14

Depresses lower lip.

Question 15

What is the function of the levator anguli oris? (3)

Answer 15

1. Widens oral fissure. 2. Elevates corners of the mouth. 3. Assists with smiling.

Question 16

What is the function of the levator labii superioris? (2)

Answer 16

1. Opens lips. 2. Elevates and furrows the upper lip.

Question 17

What is the function of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi? (2)

Answer 17

1. Elevates upper lip. 2. Dilates nostrils.

Question 18

What is the function of the zygomaticus major and minor? (2)

Answer 18

1. Raises lateral corners of the mouth. 2. Smiling.

Question 19

What is the function of the orbicularis oris? (3)

Answer 19

1. Closes lips. 2. Purses and protrudes lips. 3. Kissing.

Question 20

What is the function of the risorius? (2)

Answer 20

1. Draws corner of the lip laterally and down. 2. Tenses lips.

Question 21

What is the function of the mentalis? (2)

Answer 21

1. Elevates and wrinkles skin of chin. 2. Protrudes lower lip.

Question 22

What is the function of the platysma? (2)

Answer 22

1. Tenses skin of inferior face and neck. 2. Depresses jaw.

Question 23

Where is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? (2)

Answer 23

1. Manubrium (sternum). 2. Clavicle.

Question 24

Where is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 24

Mastoid process.

Question 25

What is the bilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 25

Flexes neck.

Question 26

What are the unilateral actions of the sternocleidomastiod msucle? (2)

Answer 26

1. Lateral flexion. 2. Rotation of head to the opposite side.

Question 27

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 27

Accessory nerve (CN XI).

Question 28

Where is the origin of the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

Answer 28

Transverse process of cervical vertebrae.

Question 29

Where is the insertion of the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

Answer 29

1st and 2nd ribs.

Question 30

What are the actions of the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles? (2)

Answer 30

1. Flexes the neck. 2. Elevates the 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation.

Question 31

What innervates the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

Answer 31

Cervical spinal nerves.

Question 32

How are muscles of the anterior neck divided?

Answer 32

Based on their location with respect to the hyoid bone.

Question 33

Where do all suprahyoid muscles insert?

Answer 33

On the hyoid bone.

Question 34

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles? (2)

Answer 34

1. Depresses mandible. 2. Elevates hyoid.

Question 35

What are the two bellies of the suprahyoid muscle?

Answer 35

1. Geniohyoid. 2. Mylohyoid.

Question 36

What is the function of the geniohyoid?

Answer 36

Elevates hyoid.

Question 37

What is the function of the mylohyoid? (2)

Answer 37

1. Elevates hyoid. 2. Elevates floor of mouth.

Question 38

What is the function of the stylohyoid?

Answer 38

Elevates hyoid.

Question 39

Where is the origin of the stylohyoid?

Answer 39

Styloid process of the temporal bone.

Question 40

Where is the origin of the sternohyoid?

Answer 40

Sternum (manubrium).

Question 41

What is the function of the sternohyoid?

Answer 41

Depresses hyoid.

Question 42

What is the function of the omohyoid?

Answer 42

Depresses hyoid.

Question 43

Where is the origin of the thyrohyoid?

Answer 43

Thyroid cartilage.

Question 44

What is the function of the thyrohyoid? (2)

Answer 44

1. Depresses hyoid. 2. Elevates thyroid cartilage.

Question 45

Where is the origin of the sternothyroid?

Answer 45

Posterior surface of the manubrium.

Question 46

What is the function of the sternothyroid?

Answer 46

Depresses the thyroid cartilage.

Question 47

Where is the insertion of the sternothyroid?

Answer 47

Thyroid cartilage.

Question 48

What is the only infrahyoid muscle that doesn't insert on the hyoid?

Answer 48

The sternothyroid.

Question 49

What are the four infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 49

1. Omohyoid. 2. Sternohyoid. 2. Thyrohyoid. 4. Sternothyroid.

Question 50

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle delineate?

Answer 50

Two clinically important regions: anterior triangle and posterior triangle.

Question 51

What is contained within the submental triangle?

Answer 51

Lymph nodes.

Question 52

What is contained within the submandibular triangle? (2)

Answer 52

1. Submandibular gland. 2. Facial artery and vein.

Question 53

What is contained within the carotid triangle? (5)

Answer 53

1. Common carotid artery. 2. Jugular vein. 3. Vagus nerve. 4. Sympathetic trunk. 5. Hypoglossal nerve (VII).

Question 54

What is contained within the muscular triangle? (2)

Answer 54

1. Infrahyoid muscles. 2. Thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Question 55

What is contained within the occipital triangle? (3)

Answer 55

1. Accessory nerves. 2. Brachial plexus (trunks). 3. Lymph nodes.

Question 56

What triangles are within the anterior triangle? (4)

Answer 56

1. Submental. 2. Submandibular. 3. Carotid. 4. Muscular.

Question 57

What triangles are within the posterior triangle? (2)

Answer 57

1. Occipital. 2. Supraclavicular.