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Anatomy > Unit Three: Muscles of the Face and Neck > Flashcards

Unit Three: Muscles of the Face and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the origin for muscles of facial expressions? (2)

A
  1. Superficial fascia (hypodermis). Or 2. Skull bones.
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2
Q

Where is the insertion for muscles of facial expression?

A

Superficial fascia (hypodermis) of the skin.

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3
Q

What are most muscles of facial expressions innervated by?

A

Cranial nerve XII (the facial nerve).

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4
Q

What are the two bellies of the occipitofrontalis?

A
  1. Frontal. 2. Occipital.
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5
Q

What is the function of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis? (2)

A
  1. Elevate eyebrows. 2. Wrinkle scalp.
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6
Q

What is the function of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?

A

Retracts scalp.

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7
Q

What does the epicranial aponeurosis (occipitofrontalis) do?

A

Connects the two muscle bellies of the occipitofrontalis.

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8
Q

What are the two muscles of the nose?

A
  1. Procerus. 2. Nasalis.
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9
Q

What is the function of the procerus? (2)

A
  1. Depresses medial eyebrows. 2. Wrinkles skin over nose.
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10
Q

What is the function of the nasalis? (3)

A
  1. Compresses the bridge. 2. Depresses the tip of the nose. 3. Elevates corners of the nostrils.
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11
Q

What is the function of the buccinator? (3)

A
  1. Compresses the cheek. 2. Draws the corners of the mouth laterally. 3. Hold food between teeth when chewing.
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12
Q

Does the buccinator open or close the jaw?

A

No.

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13
Q

What is the function of the depressor anguli oris?

A

Draws the corner of the mouth inferiorly and lateraly.

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14
Q

What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?

A

Depresses lower lip.

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15
Q

What is the function of the levator anguli oris? (3)

A
  1. Widens oral fissure. 2. Elevates corners of the mouth. 3. Assists with smiling.
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16
Q

What is the function of the levator labii superioris? (2)

A
  1. Opens lips. 2. Elevates and furrows the upper lip.
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17
Q

What is the function of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi? (2)

A
  1. Elevates upper lip. 2. Dilates nostrils.
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18
Q

What is the function of the zygomaticus major and minor? (2)

A
  1. Raises lateral corners of the mouth. 2. Smiling.
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19
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris? (3)

A
  1. Closes lips. 2. Purses and protrudes lips. 3. Kissing.
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20
Q

What is the function of the risorius? (2)

A
  1. Draws corner of the lip laterally and down. 2. Tenses lips.
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21
Q

What is the function of the mentalis? (2)

A
  1. Elevates and wrinkles skin of chin. 2. Protrudes lower lip.
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22
Q

What is the function of the platysma? (2)

A
  1. Tenses skin of inferior face and neck. 2. Depresses jaw.
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23
Q

Where is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? (2)

A
  1. Manubrium (sternum). 2. Clavicle.
24
Q

Where is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Mastoid process.

25
Q

What is the bilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Flexes neck.

26
Q

What are the unilateral actions of the sternocleidomastiod msucle? (2)

A
  1. Lateral flexion. 2. Rotation of head to the opposite side.
27
Q

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI).

28
Q

Where is the origin of the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

A

Transverse process of cervical vertebrae.

29
Q

Where is the insertion of the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

A

1st and 2nd ribs.

30
Q

What are the actions of the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles? (2)

A
  1. Flexes the neck. 2. Elevates the 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation.
31
Q

What innervates the anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles?

A

Cervical spinal nerves.

32
Q

How are muscles of the anterior neck divided?

A

Based on their location with respect to the hyoid bone.

33
Q

Where do all suprahyoid muscles insert?

A

On the hyoid bone.

34
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles? (2)

A
  1. Depresses mandible. 2. Elevates hyoid.
35
Q

What are the two bellies of the suprahyoid muscle?

A
  1. Geniohyoid. 2. Mylohyoid.
36
Q

What is the function of the geniohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid.

37
Q

What is the function of the mylohyoid? (2)

A
  1. Elevates hyoid. 2. Elevates floor of mouth.
38
Q

What is the function of the stylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid.

39
Q

Where is the origin of the stylohyoid?

A

Styloid process of the temporal bone.

40
Q

Where is the origin of the sternohyoid?

A

Sternum (manubrium).

41
Q

What is the function of the sternohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid.

42
Q

What is the function of the omohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid.

43
Q

Where is the origin of the thyrohyoid?

A

Thyroid cartilage.

44
Q

What is the function of the thyrohyoid? (2)

A
  1. Depresses hyoid. 2. Elevates thyroid cartilage.
45
Q

Where is the origin of the sternothyroid?

A

Posterior surface of the manubrium.

46
Q

What is the function of the sternothyroid?

A

Depresses the thyroid cartilage.

47
Q

Where is the insertion of the sternothyroid?

A

Thyroid cartilage.

48
Q

What is the only infrahyoid muscle that doesn’t insert on the hyoid?

A

The sternothyroid.

49
Q

What are the four infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Omohyoid. 2. Sternohyoid. 2. Thyrohyoid. 4. Sternothyroid.
50
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle delineate?

A

Two clinically important regions: anterior triangle and posterior triangle.

51
Q

What is contained within the submental triangle?

A

Lymph nodes.

52
Q

What is contained within the submandibular triangle? (2)

A
  1. Submandibular gland. 2. Facial artery and vein.
53
Q

What is contained within the carotid triangle? (5)

A
  1. Common carotid artery. 2. Jugular vein. 3. Vagus nerve. 4. Sympathetic trunk. 5. Hypoglossal nerve (VII).
54
Q

What is contained within the muscular triangle? (2)

A
  1. Infrahyoid muscles. 2. Thyroid and parathyroid glands.
55
Q

What is contained within the occipital triangle? (3)

A
  1. Accessory nerves. 2. Brachial plexus (trunks). 3. Lymph nodes.
56
Q

What triangles are within the anterior triangle? (4)

A
  1. Submental. 2. Submandibular. 3. Carotid. 4. Muscular.
57
Q

What triangles are within the posterior triangle? (2)

A
  1. Occipital. 2. Supraclavicular.

Anatomy (38 decks)

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