Articulations Flashcards
What does the axial skeleton consist of? (3)
- Skull. 2. Spinal Column. 3. Ribs.
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? (3)
- Upper and lower limbs. 2. Pectorial girdle. 3. Pelvic girdle.
What is another name for a joint?
An articulation.
What is an articulation?
Where bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth.
What are the different kinds of bone markings? (4)
- Bony Prominences. 2. Articular surfaces. 3. Depressions. 4. Openings.
What are the two kinds of immobile joints? What do they lack?
- Fibrous. 2. Cartilaginous. They lack joint cavities.
What are synovial joints?
Freely mobile diathroses.
Are synovial joints avascular or vascular?
Very vascularized.
What contains a joint capsule?
Synovial joints.
Synovial joints contain what kind of cartilage? Why?
They contain Articular cartilage aka Hyaline. Because it reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber.
What are the two layers of the articular capsule?
- Outer fibrous layer. 2. Inner synovial membrane.
What is the function of the outer fibrous layer?
Strengthens the joint.
What is the function of the inner synovial membrane?
Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint, reduce friction, and some shock absorption. Has limited macropahges too.
What are bursae? What is its function?
Sac containing synovial fluid. It decreases friction in a joint.
What are tendon sheaths? What is its function?
Elongated bursae around tendons. It decreases friction on tendon.
What factors influence joint stability? (3)
- Articular surfaces. 2. Ligaments. 3. Muscle tone.
What do pivot joints allow for?
Monoaxial Rotation only.
What movements are allowed for by saddle joints?
Biaxial Angular motion.
What do condylar joints allow for?
Biaxial angular motion.
What do hinge joints allow for?
Monaxial angular motion.
What do ball-and-socket joints allow for?
Triaxial Angular motion, circumduction, and rotation.
What are examples of angular movements? (4)
- Abduction. 2. Adduction. 3. Flexion. 4. Extension.
What is abduction?
Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane.
What is adduction?
Movement toward the axis or midline of the body as viewed in the anatomical position.
What is flexion?
Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the bones of the joint.
What is extension?
An increase in the angle between two articulating bones.
What is pronation?
Moves the wrist and hand from the palm-facing-front position to the palm-facing-back position
What is supination?
Rotation of the forearm so that the palm face anterorly.
What is eversion?
A motion of the foot that turns the sole outward.
What is inversion?
Turning the sole inward.
What is dorsiflexion?
Upward movement of the foot through flexion at the ankle.
What is plantar flexion?
Ankle extension; toe pointing.
What is lateral flexion?
When the vertebral column bends to the side.
What is protraction?
Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane.
What is retraction?
Movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane.
What is opposition?
a special movement of the thumb that produces pad-to-Pad contact of the thumb with the palm or any other finger.
What is reposition?
The opposite movement of opposition that returns the thumb and fingers to their normal position.
What is elevation?
Movement in a superior, or upward, direction.
What is depression?
Inferior (downward) movement of a body part.
