Articulations

Question 1

What does the axial skeleton consist of? (3)

Answer 1

1. Skull. 2. Spinal Column. 3. Ribs.

Question 2

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? (3)

Answer 2

1. Upper and lower limbs. 2. Pectorial girdle. 3. Pelvic girdle.

Question 3

What is another name for a joint?

Answer 3

An articulation.

Question 4

What is an articulation?

Answer 4

Where bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth.

Question 5

What are the different kinds of bone markings? (4)

Answer 5

1. Bony Prominences. 2. Articular surfaces. 3. Depressions. 4. Openings.

Question 6

What are the two kinds of immobile joints? What do they lack?

Answer 6

1. Fibrous. 2. Cartilaginous. They lack joint cavities.

Question 7

What are synovial joints?

Answer 7

Freely mobile diathroses.

Question 8

Are synovial joints avascular or vascular?

Answer 8

Very vascularized.

Question 9

What contains a joint capsule?

Answer 9

Synovial joints.

Question 10

Synovial joints contain what kind of cartilage? Why?

Answer 10

They contain Articular cartilage aka Hyaline. Because it reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber.

Question 11

What are the two layers of the articular capsule?

Answer 11

1. Outer fibrous layer. 2. Inner synovial membrane.

Question 12

What is the function of the outer fibrous layer?

Answer 12

Strengthens the joint.

Question 13

What is the function of the inner synovial membrane?

Answer 13

Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint, reduce friction, and some shock absorption. Has limited macropahges too.

Question 14

What are bursae? What is its function?

Answer 14

Sac containing synovial fluid. It decreases friction in a joint.

Question 15

What are tendon sheaths? What is its function?

Answer 15

Elongated bursae around tendons. It decreases friction on tendon.

Question 16

What factors influence joint stability? (3)

Answer 16

1. Articular surfaces. 2. Ligaments. 3. Muscle tone.

Question 17

What do pivot joints allow for?

Answer 17

Monoaxial Rotation only.

Question 18

What movements are allowed for by saddle joints?

Answer 18

Biaxial Angular motion.

Question 19

What do condylar joints allow for?

Answer 19

Biaxial angular motion.

Question 20

What do hinge joints allow for?

Answer 20

Monaxial angular motion.

Question 21

What do ball-and-socket joints allow for?

Answer 21

Triaxial Angular motion, circumduction, and rotation.

Question 22

What are examples of angular movements? (4)

Answer 22

1. Abduction. 2. Adduction. 3. Flexion. 4. Extension.

Question 23

What is abduction?

Answer 23

Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane.

Question 24

What is adduction?

Answer 24

Movement toward the axis or midline of the body as viewed in the anatomical position.

Question 25

What is flexion?

Answer 25

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the bones of the joint.

Question 26

What is extension?

Answer 26

An increase in the angle between two articulating bones.

Question 27

What is pronation?

Answer 27

Moves the wrist and hand from the palm-facing-front position to the palm-facing-back position

Question 28

What is supination?

Answer 28

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm face anterorly.

Question 29

What is eversion?

Answer 29

A motion of the foot that turns the sole outward.

Question 30

What is inversion?

Answer 30

Turning the sole inward.

Question 31

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 31

Upward movement of the foot through flexion at the ankle.

Question 32

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 32

Ankle extension; toe pointing.

Question 33

What is lateral flexion?

Answer 33

When the vertebral column bends to the side.

Question 34

What is protraction?

Answer 34

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane.

Question 35

What is retraction?

Answer 35

Movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane.

Question 36

What is opposition?

Answer 36

a special movement of the thumb that produces pad-to-Pad contact of the thumb with the palm or any other finger.

Question 37

What is reposition?

Answer 37

The opposite movement of opposition that returns the thumb and fingers to their normal position.

Question 38

What is elevation?

Answer 38

Movement in a superior, or upward, direction.

Question 39

What is depression?

Answer 39

Inferior (downward) movement of a body part.