Unit 5 Test Flashcards
Which statement is best supported by current placement statistics for students with learning disabilities?
A. Most special education teachers are better prepared to instruct LD students in traditional classrooms.
B. Most learning challenges of LD students in traditional classrooms are less debilitating than those of their peers.
C. Most educators believe resource rooms are too restrictive for LD students.
D. Most resource rooms are inadequately equipped for teaching LD students
C. Most educators believe resource rooms are too restrictive for LD students.
Based on established definitions, which of the following statements best explains the federal interpretation of a learning disability?
A. Some people have psychological problems that affect their ability to retain information.
B. People with noted language deficiencies tend to have above average intelligence.
C. Some people lack information processing skills that are conducive to learning.
D. People who perform poorly in academic settings can learn to be successful in work and life.
C. Some people lack information processing skills that are conducive to learning.
According to IDEA, which of the following conditions are classified as learning disabilities? (Select all that apply.)
A. Developmental aphasia
B. Mental retardation
C. Brain injury
D. Dyslexia
A. Developmental aphasia
C. Brain injury
D. Dyslexia
According to the IDEA, a learning disability (LD) diagnosis is typically justified when a student demonstrates a noted discrepancy between________________.
A. cognitive ability and cerebral function
B. intellectual ability and academic achievement
C. language acquisition and verbal expression
D. intellectual potential and IQ score
B. intellectual ability and academic achievement
Which condition is recognized as a cause of learning disabilities (LD)?
A. Emotional problems
B. Hearing loss
C. Accident-related brain injury
D. Inability to focus
C. Accident-related brain injury
Most learning disabilities are identified in_______________.
A. adolescent females
B. adolescent males
C. males between six- and ten-years old
D. preschool children of both genders
B. adolescent males
True or false? Most students with learning disabilities have problems with reading.
True
False
True
A student is highly intelligent and artistically talented but suffers from dyslexia and dysgraphia. Which of the following conditions would most likely support an LD diagnosis for this student?
A. Above-average academic achievement
B. Impaired vision
C. Difficulty with spatial relationships
D. Dysfunctional neurological processing
D. Dysfunctional neurological processing
Which statement below best explains how metacognition affects reading ability?
A. It impairs the ability to pinpoint main ideas.
B. It causes difficulty with focus.
C. It interferes with the ability to remember important details.
D. It exacerbates learned helplessness.
A. It impairs the ability to pinpoint main ideas.
Motivation
YES
NO
YES
Social skills
YES
NO
YES
Self-concept
YES
NO
YES
Behavioral issues
YES
NO
YES
Organizational skills
YES
NO
YES
True or false? Norm-referenced assessments are less effective with students who have learning disabilities than with the general education student population.
True
False
True
How does the RTI model affect how individual school districts diagnose learning disabilities?
A. It prevents them from using assessments that are ill-suited to certain impairments.
B. It forces them to make placement decisions using standardized assessments.
C. It allows them to utilize student input in making eligibility and placement decisions.
D. It provides them with a method of intervention that targets specific student needs.
C. It allows them to utilize student input in making eligibility and placement decisions.
As opposed to cognitive training, direct instruction is designed to ____________.
A. reward students for their abilities rather than increase awareness of their challenges
B. assist LD students in special education classrooms rather than LD students in general education classrooms
C. improve specific skills rather than correct processing impairments
D. address the needs of passive learners rather than active learners
C. improve specific skills rather than correct processing impairments
True or false? The learning strategies approach differs from other instructional approaches for LD students mainly because it relies on methods of teaching that are effective in traditional classrooms.
True
False
False
Which of the following is a mnemonic strategy used to assist students with memory?
A. Verbalizing ideas out loud
B. Providing assistive technology devices
C. Using scripted texts
D. Using rhymes or patterns
D. Using rhymes or patterns
Which statement best describes the significance of placement decisions for learning disabled students?
A. Students with learning disabilities receive more targeted instruction in special classrooms.
B. Many students in special classrooms belong in traditional classrooms because they have been misdiagnosed.
C. Only students with specific learning disabilities benefit from placement in special classrooms.
D. Students with learning disabilities are less likely to feel stigmatized when they are taught in traditional classrooms.
D. Students with learning disabilities are less likely to feel stigmatized when they are taught in traditional classrooms.
Which of these statements best explains the significance of technology to special education?
A. Many technological devices have been designed to assist with organizational skills and memory.
B. The use of technological devices has improved the screening process for learning disabilities.
C. Most LD students spend a significant amount of time in traditional classrooms where technological devices are used more frequently.
D. The ability to use technology is essential to academic success in today’s working world.
A. Many technological devices have been designed to assist with organizational skills and memory.
The primary benefit of self-instruction as a strategy for teaching students with learning disabilities is that it ____________________.
A. improves their ability to verbalize their thoughts
B. increases their confidence in their ability to learn
C. actively engages them in the learning process
D. makes them aware of problem-solving techniques
D. makes them aware of problem-solving techniques
Which of the following best explains why learning disabilities went unrecognized for so long?
A. They were erroneously linked to economic disadvantage.
B. They were exclusively attributed to hereditary factors.
C. They were typically misdiagnosed as mental disorders.
D. They were effectively masked by behavioral diversity.
D. They were effectively masked by behavioral diversity.
Professional educators who promote RTI as an effective screening method for LDs would most likely agree that it _________________.
A. relies on valid methods of data collection
B. provides an overview of student work
C. reveals information through group interaction
D. gives students control over their learning
A. relies on valid methods of data collection
True or false? Students who struggle with writing may also have difficulty with auditory memory.
True
False
True
True or false? The majority of students diagnosed with learning disabilities are boys.
True
False
True
The Learning Disabilities Association of America refined IDEA’s definition in a number of ways. Which statement best summarizes the information in both sources?
A. An LD is an information processing disorder of unknown origin that impedes to the ability to perform complex tasks, hinders the development of life skills, and varies in severity over the course of time.
B. An LD is a cognitive deficiency in people of normal intelligence that persists throughout life and impedes their ability to process information, perform tasks, and achieve their intellectual potential.
C. An LD is lifelong condition that affects a wide range of skills and abilities essential to academic success, psychological health, social adjustment, and professional achievement.
D. An LD is a neurological defect that originates in the central nervous system, is manifest in different behaviors, and impedes the development of skills essential to academic performance and personal development.
B. An LD is a cognitive deficiency in people of normal intelligence that persists throughout life and impedes their ability to process information, perform tasks, and achieve their intellectual potential.
True or false? Because most learning disabilities are inherited, they are present at birth and pose lifelong challenges.
True
False
False
True or false? A student with poor motor skills is also likely to have poor penmanship.
True
False
True
Learned helplessness is a concept that has been used to link underachievement to _____________.
A. cognitive impairment
B. economic disadvantage
C. fear of failure
D. teacher incompetence
C. fear of failure
In order to justify an LD diagnosis, a student’s academic performance is typically ______________________.
A. below average in reading but on target in other areas
B. at least two years below the norm but average for LD students
C. below average in at least two subject areas
D. at least two years below the expected level
D. at least two years below the expected level
Although a large number of impairments fall under the umbrella term “learning disabilities,” all of them have which of the following characteristics in common?
A. Below-average intellect
B. Social skill disorders
C. Underachievement
D. Organizational difficulties
C. Underachievement
How are portfolio assessments different from other assessments?
A. They reveal strengths and weaknesses based on accomplishments.
B. They rely on input from students during moderated instruction.
C. They are useful for predicting areas of difficulty in the future.
D. They provide a measure of a student intellectual potential.
A. They reveal strengths and weaknesses based on accomplishments.
When used as a technique to diagnose learning disabilities in students, the RTI model best supports an argument for ______________.
S. evaluating the severity of learning deficiencies from a cultural perspective
B. discounting the discrepancy factor as a valid means of assessment
C. retaining students with learning impairments in traditional classrooms
D. gearing instructional strategies toward individual student needs
D. gearing instructional strategies toward individual student needs
Generally speaking, the effectiveness of any instructional strategy for teaching students with LD depends largely on _______________.
A. selecting a model that is appropriate for all academic subjects
B. using techniques that allow students to direct their own learning
C. modifying techniques to suit individual learning characteristics
D. confirming that the effectiveness of the model is well documented
C. modifying techniques to suit individual learning characteristics
According to some educators, teaching academic content with learning disabled students is ineffective mainly because ______________.
A. they fail to understand the importance of subjects outside their realm of experience
B. they lack strategies for processing and remembering information
C. they lose focus on material that is scholarly or intellectually weighty
D. they struggle to differentiate between important and unimportant details
B. they lack strategies for processing and remembering information
Cognitive training is based on the idea that student performance can be improved by which of the following techniques?
A. Allowing students to determine how information is processed
B. Using educational technology designed to enhance learning
C. Engaging students in group discussions to improve verbal expression
D. Modifying thought processes that are counterproductive to learning
D. Modifying thought processes that are counterproductive to learning
True or false? Most learning disabilities involve some sort of language impairment.
True
False
True
