Unit 4: Cellular Processes - Passive & Active Transport

Question 1

What is cell transport?

Answer 1

The movement of substances across the cell membrane

Question 2

What is the concentration gradient?

Answer 2

The difference in concentration of a substance across a space or membrane.

Question 3

How does passive transport move?

Answer 3

Down, or with the gradient (HIGH TO LOW)

Question 4

Is energy used in passive transport?

Answer 4

No.

Question 5

How does active transport move?

Answer 5

Up, or against the gradient (LOW TO HIGH)

Question 6

Does active transport use energy?

Answer 6

Yes.

Question 7

What are the different types of passive transport?

Answer 7

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 8

What happens during diffusion?

Answer 8

Molecules move down (WITH) the concentration gradient, from high to low.

Question 9

What sizes are the molecules during diffusion?

Answer 9

Small, non-polar

Question 10

What type of passive transport moves directly across the cell membrane?

Answer 10

Diffusion

Question 11

What happens during facilitated diffusion?

Answer 11

Protein channel allows polar and large molecules to diffuse across

Question 12

What is an aquaporin?

Answer 12

A protein channel for water

Question 13

What type of passive transport is aquaporin?

Answer 13

Facilitated diffusion

Question 14

What is osmosis?

Answer 14

The diffusion of WATER across membrnae

Question 15

How does osmosis work?

Answer 15

Aquaporins, but water can also do regular diffusion

Question 16

Which way does osmosis move?

Answer 16

High water concentration (low solute) to low water (high solute)

Question 17

What are the main types of active transport?

Answer 17

Primary, secondary, endocytosis, and exocytosis.

Question 18

What is active transport?

Answer 18

Molecules move against the concentration gradient by using energy.

Question 19

What happens to ATP in active transport?

Answer 19

ATP is converted to ADP once it is used.

Question 20

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 20

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 21

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 21

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 22

What does primary diffusion do?

Answer 22

It directly uses energy through a protein channel

Question 23

What is secondary diffusion?

Answer 23

Uses the energy generated from the concentration gradient of one molecule to drive the transport of another molecule against its gradient.

Question 24

What are the 2 types of secondary diffusion?

Answer 24

Symport and antiport

Question 25

What is symport?

Answer 25

Both molecules move in the same direction across the membrane

Question 26

What is antiport?

Answer 26

Molecules move in opposite directions across the cell membrane

Question 27

What types of molecules use endocytosis and exocytosis?

Answer 27

Molecules that are too big for both diffusion and protein channels

Question 28

What is endocytosis?

Answer 28

Engulfing substances into the cell by forming vesicles (pieces of membrane)

Question 29

What is exocytosis?

Answer 29

Expelling substances out of the cell via vesicles.

Question 30

What are the three types of tonicity?

Answer 30

Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic

Question 31

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 31

Solute concentration of a cell and its environment are essentially equal.

Question 32

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 32

Water enters into the cell, and the cell will grow and eventually lyse.

Question 33

Where is the most solute in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 33

Less solute outside the cell, more inside.

Question 34

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 34

More solute (LESS WATER) outside of the cell, water is drawn out of the cell (loses water), and cell shrivels

Question 35

Where is the most solute in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 35

More solute is outside of the cell, so less inside.

Question 36

If outside the cell is hypertonic, what is the inside of the cell?

Answer 36

Hypotonic

Question 37

If the inside of the cell is hypotonic, what solution is it?

Answer 37

hypertonic

Question 38

Is tonicity active or passive transport?

Answer 38

Passive