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2024-2025: Biology > Unit 3A: Basics of Life - Macromolecules > Flashcards

Unit 3A: Basics of Life - Macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What genetic information makes up nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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2
Q

What carries energy in nucleic acids?

A

ATP

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3
Q

What are the monomers in nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

How do lipids react to water?

A

They are hydrophobic

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5
Q

What type of energy storage do lipids help with?

A

Long term energy storage

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6
Q

What part of the cell are lipids in?

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

What type of macromolecule is a steroid?

A

Lipids

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8
Q

What type of macromolecule is cholestorol?

A

Lipids

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9
Q

Are saturated or unsaturated fats more healthy?

A

Unsaturated fats are more healthy.

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10
Q

What is the monomer of lipids?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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11
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

What is the polymer of proteins?

A

Polypeptide

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13
Q

What macromolecule are hormones?

A

Proteins

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14
Q

What macromolecule is enzymes?

A

Proteins

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15
Q

What macromolecule is melatin and keratin?

A

Proteins

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16
Q

What are the monosacharides of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose, fructose

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17
Q

What are the disaccharides of carbohydrates?

A

Sucrose, lactose

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18
Q

What are polysaccharides used for?

A

Energy storage

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19
Q

What are the energy storage polysaccharides in plants?

A

Starch

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20
Q

What are the energy storage polysaccharides in animals?

A

Glycogen

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21
Q

What are the structural polysaccharides in plants?

A

Cellulose

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22
Q

What are the structural polysaccharides in fungi?

A

Chitin

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23
Q

What are the structural polysaccharides in bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan

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24
Q

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

A

Hydrogen atoms of one water bond to oxygen of another water molecule

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25
Q

You add sugar to unsweet tea. Which is the solute and solvent?

A

Sugar is the solute; unsweet tea is the solvent

26
Q

What functional groups are CH3 and OH?

A

Hydroxyl and methyl

27
Q

Polar molecules have an ___________ charge.

A

uneven

28
Q

-OH

A

hydroxyl

29
Q

-CO

A

Carbonyl

30
Q

-COOH

A

Carboxyl

31
Q

-CH3

A

Methyl

32
Q

-OPO3

A

Phosphate

33
Q

-NH2

A

Amino

34
Q

What reaction assembles polymers?

A

Dehydration synthesis

35
Q

What reaction disassembles polymers?

A

Hydrolysis

36
Q

What is the polymer of monosaccharide?

A

Carbohydrate

37
Q

What is the polymer of glycerol and fatty acid?

A

Lipid

38
Q

What is the polymer of amino acids?

A

Protein

39
Q

What is the polymer of nucleotides?

A

Nucleic acids

40
Q

What are three functions of carbohydrates?

A

Store short term energy, support fungi and bacteria cell walls, and support plant cell walls.

41
Q

What macromolecule is an enzyme?

A

Protein

42
Q

What are three functions of nucleic acids?

A

Code for genes, store energy, help form proteins

43
Q

What are three functions of proteins?

A

Enzymes, contraction/movement, and transport

44
Q

A + B –> C + Water
What type of reaction is this?

A

Dehydration synthesis

45
Q

T/F: Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes

A

True

46
Q

T/F: Lipids store short-term energy

A

False

47
Q

T/F: Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of steroid hormones

A

True

48
Q

T/F: Many lipids function as enzymes

A

False

49
Q

T/F: Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy

A

True

50
Q

Hydrolysis reactions can be reversed by what reaction?

A

Dehydration synthesis

51
Q

You discover a sample that contains nitrogen. Which class of macromolecules could it be long to?

A

Protein, nucleic acid

52
Q

This macromolecule makes up steroid hormones:

A

Lipids

53
Q

This macromolecule provides short term energy storage:

A

Carbohydrates

54
Q

An example of a(n) monosaccharide:

A

Glucose

55
Q

An example of a(n) disaccharide:

A

sucrose

56
Q

An example of a(n) polysaccharide:

A

Cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan

57
Q

An example of a(n) fat:

A

triglyceride, phospholipid

58
Q

An example of a(n) steroid:

A

cholesterol

59
Q

An example of a(n) protein:

A

serotonin

60
Q

An example of a(n) enzyme:

A

catalase

61
Q

An example of a(n) nucleic acid:

A

RNA

62
Q

The positively charged hydrogen ends of water are attracted to the _______________ charged oxygen ends.

A

negatively

2024-2025: Biology (22 decks)

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