Unit 3A: Basics of Life - Macromolecules Flashcards
What genetic information makes up nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What carries energy in nucleic acids?
ATP
What are the monomers in nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
How do lipids react to water?
They are hydrophobic
What type of energy storage do lipids help with?
Long term energy storage
What part of the cell are lipids in?
Cell membrane
What type of macromolecule is a steroid?
Lipids
What type of macromolecule is cholestorol?
Lipids
Are saturated or unsaturated fats more healthy?
Unsaturated fats are more healthy.
What is the monomer of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the polymer of proteins?
Polypeptide
What macromolecule are hormones?
Proteins
What macromolecule is enzymes?
Proteins
What macromolecule is melatin and keratin?
Proteins
What are the monosacharides of carbohydrates?
Glucose, fructose
What are the disaccharides of carbohydrates?
Sucrose, lactose
What are polysaccharides used for?
Energy storage
What are the energy storage polysaccharides in plants?
Starch
What are the energy storage polysaccharides in animals?
Glycogen
What are the structural polysaccharides in plants?
Cellulose
What are the structural polysaccharides in fungi?
Chitin
What are the structural polysaccharides in bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
Water molecules stick to other water molecules because
Hydrogen atoms of one water bond to oxygen of another water molecule
You add sugar to unsweet tea. Which is the solute and solvent?
Sugar is the solute; unsweet tea is the solvent
What functional groups are CH3 and OH?
Hydroxyl and methyl
Polar molecules have an ___________ charge.
uneven
-OH
hydroxyl
-CO
Carbonyl
-COOH
Carboxyl
-CH3
Methyl
-OPO3
Phosphate
-NH2
Amino
What reaction assembles polymers?
Dehydration synthesis
What reaction disassembles polymers?
Hydrolysis
What is the polymer of monosaccharide?
Carbohydrate
What is the polymer of glycerol and fatty acid?
Lipid
What is the polymer of amino acids?
Protein
What is the polymer of nucleotides?
Nucleic acids
What are three functions of carbohydrates?
Store short term energy, support fungi and bacteria cell walls, and support plant cell walls.
What macromolecule is an enzyme?
Protein
What are three functions of nucleic acids?
Code for genes, store energy, help form proteins
What are three functions of proteins?
Enzymes, contraction/movement, and transport
A + B –> C + Water
What type of reaction is this?
Dehydration synthesis
T/F: Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes
True
T/F: Lipids store short-term energy
False
T/F: Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of steroid hormones
True
T/F: Many lipids function as enzymes
False
T/F: Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy
True
Hydrolysis reactions can be reversed by what reaction?
Dehydration synthesis
You discover a sample that contains nitrogen. Which class of macromolecules could it be long to?
Protein, nucleic acid
This macromolecule makes up steroid hormones:
Lipids
This macromolecule provides short term energy storage:
Carbohydrates
An example of a(n) monosaccharide:
Glucose
An example of a(n) disaccharide:
sucrose
An example of a(n) polysaccharide:
Cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan
An example of a(n) fat:
triglyceride, phospholipid
An example of a(n) steroid:
cholesterol
An example of a(n) protein:
serotonin
An example of a(n) enzyme:
catalase
An example of a(n) nucleic acid:
RNA
The positively charged hydrogen ends of water are attracted to the _______________ charged oxygen ends.
negatively
