Unit 3A: Basics of Life - Entry & Exit Tickets Flashcards
How many levels of organization are in protein folding?
Four
Based on the amino acid side chains, an amino acid could be what type of charged?
Positively and negatively charged
Based on the amino acid side chains, an amino acid could be hydrophobic, hydrophillic, or both?
Both
The results of dehydration synthesis reactions can be reversed by…?
Hydrolyis reactions
What type of reaction is A + H20 –> B + C?
Hydrolysis
What are cellulose, starch, and glycogen?
Polysaccharides
A water strider can stake along the top of a pond because:
Surface tension
Water is considered the universal solvent because it is really good at dissolving solutes. This is mainly due to what property?
Polarity
What property of water helps your body maintain homeostasis?
Specific heat
Cold water is denser than hot water because the molecules are
Moving slower
Ice is less dense than water because the molecules are
Not moving
Which functional group is a combination of two other functional groups?
Methyl
In the process of digestion in your stomach, small, and large intestine, what chemical reaction is occurring?
Hydrolysis
What property of water creates a link from the partial positive hydrogen atom of one molecule to the partial negative oxygen atom of another?
Hydrogen bonding
When you break down a large molecule into smaller parts
Hydrolysis
A molecule that is a chain of many subunits
Polymer
Functional group that makes acids
Carboxyl
Molecule require to build or break bonds in polymers
Water
This macromolecule provides short term energy storage
Carbohydrates
This macromolecule makes up steroid hormones
Lipids
Carbohydrate content is the highest in what types of food?
Plant material (Hays, greens, oranges)
Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chain, which ultimately become proteins. What reaction takes place to form a peptide bonds?
Dehydration synthesis
Why may an animal have different dietary needs at different times of the year?
Hibernation require storing additional kilocalories; mating, nesting, and hatching season requires more kilocalories
Short-term energy storage is most used by what category of macromolecule?
Carbohydrate
Lipids with single bonds are called which of the following?
Saturated
Steroids and phospholipids are examples of what macromolecule?
Lipids
Glycogen and cellulose are examples of what macromolecule?
Carbohydrates
The creation of larger molecules comes from what process?
Dehydration synthesis
Which is more complex, a polypeptide or a dipeptide?
Polypeptide
In the process of human, elephant, lion, or other animal digestion, what would you assume is always used?
Water
What are the three names of the subatomic particles?
Neutrons, electrons, and protons
What does science call anything that has mass and takes up space?
Matter
An atom is found with 11 protons. It has an atomic mass of 23. How many electrons does it have?
11
What is the overall charge of an atom?
Zero
An atom is found that has 15 protons and a mass number of 31. How many electrons does it have?
15
The number of proteins and neutrons in an atom is the __________________. The average of all the isotopes’ weight of an atom is the _____________________.
Mass number; atomic mass
An atom is found with 6 protons and a mass number of 13. How many neutrons does it have?
7
Polar molecules have ______________ charges - one end is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
Uneven
The positively charged hydrogen ends of water are attracted to the _______________ charged oxygen ends.
Negatively
An IV solution contains water, slats, and other water-soluble molecules. In this example, the salts are the _____________________, and the water is the ____________________.
Solute; solvent
When water freezes it becomes (density)
less dense
Most of the unique properties of water come from the fact that water molecules
are polar and form hydrogen bonds
A molecule with uneven charges is called what?
Polar
Adhesion is the tendency for water to bond to…
Other surfaces
Water forms what types of bonds with other water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
Fatty acids with carbon-carbon double bonds are called what?
Unsaturated
A molecule is made of two fatty acids and a phosphate group is called which of the following?
Phospholipid
Peptide bonds are found in what macromolecule?
Proteins
Which organelle synthesizes lipids, oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
Smooth ER
Mitochondria would be most abundant in what kind of cell?
Muscle cells
If a cell didn’t have a nucleus, it would not be able to perform which two functions?
Make proteins and divide.
The theory of endosymbiosis explains what?
The origin of eukaryotes
Organelles that definitely arose from endosymbiosis
Mitochondria and chloroplast
What did the host cell receive from its endosymbiont?
Energy
What did the endosymbiont receive from the host cell?
Shelter
Red blood cells lack which organelles?
Nucleus, mitochondria
Liver cells are rich in…?
Smooth ER
Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow from parent cells. The RBCs themselves do not perform mitosis. Based on this description, what organelle could the RBC do without?
Nucleus
A protein has been formed in the ribosome. Which of the following is a correct pathway to export the cell?
Rough ER –> Golgi Bodies –> Vesicles –> Plasma Membrane
If a cell is unable to make proteins, which organelles could be affected?
Rough ER, ribosome, and nucleus
A cell is not allowing sugars to enter the cell and move to the mitochondria. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?
Cell membrane
If peroxisomes do not function properly, what could occur?
Inability to break down long chain fatty acids and a build up of hydrogen peroxide in the cell.
A cell is unable to form protein from RNA. What organelle is most likely affected?
Ribosomes
An autotrophic cell is unable to make enough glucose. What organelle is most likely affected?
Chloroplast
The inner membranes of chloroplasts are called _________________ and the inner membrane of the mitochondria is called _____________________.
Thylakoid; cristae
Which type of inhibitor changes the shape of the enzyme?
Competitive
Hexokinase is an enzyme that is involved with glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose for energy release) that occurs in the cytoplasm. What cellular structure makes hexokinase?
Free ribosomes in the cytoplasm
