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2024-2025: Biology > Unit 3A: Basics of Life - Entry & Exit Tickets > Flashcards

Unit 3A: Basics of Life - Entry & Exit Tickets Flashcards

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1
Q

How many levels of organization are in protein folding?

A

Four

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2
Q

Based on the amino acid side chains, an amino acid could be what type of charged?

A

Positively and negatively charged

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3
Q

Based on the amino acid side chains, an amino acid could be hydrophobic, hydrophillic, or both?

A

Both

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4
Q

The results of dehydration synthesis reactions can be reversed by…?

A

Hydrolyis reactions

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5
Q

What type of reaction is A + H20 –> B + C?

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

What are cellulose, starch, and glycogen?

A

Polysaccharides

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7
Q

A water strider can stake along the top of a pond because:

A

Surface tension

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8
Q

Water is considered the universal solvent because it is really good at dissolving solutes. This is mainly due to what property?

A

Polarity

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9
Q

What property of water helps your body maintain homeostasis?

A

Specific heat

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10
Q

Cold water is denser than hot water because the molecules are

A

Moving slower

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11
Q

Ice is less dense than water because the molecules are

A

Not moving

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12
Q

Which functional group is a combination of two other functional groups?

A

Methyl

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13
Q

In the process of digestion in your stomach, small, and large intestine, what chemical reaction is occurring?

A

Hydrolysis

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14
Q

What property of water creates a link from the partial positive hydrogen atom of one molecule to the partial negative oxygen atom of another?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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15
Q

When you break down a large molecule into smaller parts

A

Hydrolysis

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16
Q

A molecule that is a chain of many subunits

A

Polymer

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17
Q

Functional group that makes acids

A

Carboxyl

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18
Q

Molecule require to build or break bonds in polymers

A

Water

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19
Q

This macromolecule provides short term energy storage

A

Carbohydrates

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20
Q

This macromolecule makes up steroid hormones

A

Lipids

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21
Q

Carbohydrate content is the highest in what types of food?

A

Plant material (Hays, greens, oranges)

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22
Q

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chain, which ultimately become proteins. What reaction takes place to form a peptide bonds?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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23
Q

Why may an animal have different dietary needs at different times of the year?

A

Hibernation require storing additional kilocalories; mating, nesting, and hatching season requires more kilocalories

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24
Q

Short-term energy storage is most used by what category of macromolecule?

A

Carbohydrate

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25
Q

Lipids with single bonds are called which of the following?

A

Saturated

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26
Q

Steroids and phospholipids are examples of what macromolecule?

A

Lipids

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27
Q

Glycogen and cellulose are examples of what macromolecule?

A

Carbohydrates

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28
Q

The creation of larger molecules comes from what process?

A

Dehydration synthesis

29
Q

Which is more complex, a polypeptide or a dipeptide?

A

Polypeptide

30
Q

In the process of human, elephant, lion, or other animal digestion, what would you assume is always used?

A

Water

31
Q

What are the three names of the subatomic particles?

A

Neutrons, electrons, and protons

32
Q

What does science call anything that has mass and takes up space?

A

Matter

33
Q

An atom is found with 11 protons. It has an atomic mass of 23. How many electrons does it have?

A

11

34
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

Zero

35
Q

An atom is found that has 15 protons and a mass number of 31. How many electrons does it have?

A

15

36
Q

The number of proteins and neutrons in an atom is the __________________. The average of all the isotopes’ weight of an atom is the _____________________.

A

Mass number; atomic mass

37
Q

An atom is found with 6 protons and a mass number of 13. How many neutrons does it have?

A

7

38
Q

Polar molecules have ______________ charges - one end is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

A

Uneven

39
Q

The positively charged hydrogen ends of water are attracted to the _______________ charged oxygen ends.

A

Negatively

40
Q

An IV solution contains water, slats, and other water-soluble molecules. In this example, the salts are the _____________________, and the water is the ____________________.

A

Solute; solvent

41
Q

When water freezes it becomes (density)

A

less dense

42
Q

Most of the unique properties of water come from the fact that water molecules

A

are polar and form hydrogen bonds

43
Q

A molecule with uneven charges is called what?

A

Polar

44
Q

Adhesion is the tendency for water to bond to…

A

Other surfaces

45
Q

Water forms what types of bonds with other water molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds

46
Q

Fatty acids with carbon-carbon double bonds are called what?

A

Unsaturated

47
Q

A molecule is made of two fatty acids and a phosphate group is called which of the following?

A

Phospholipid

48
Q

Peptide bonds are found in what macromolecule?

A

Proteins

49
Q

Which organelle synthesizes lipids, oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

A

Smooth ER

50
Q

Mitochondria would be most abundant in what kind of cell?

A

Muscle cells

51
Q

If a cell didn’t have a nucleus, it would not be able to perform which two functions?

A

Make proteins and divide.

52
Q

The theory of endosymbiosis explains what?

A

The origin of eukaryotes

53
Q

Organelles that definitely arose from endosymbiosis

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast

54
Q

What did the host cell receive from its endosymbiont?

A

Energy

55
Q

What did the endosymbiont receive from the host cell?

A

Shelter

56
Q

Red blood cells lack which organelles?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria

57
Q

Liver cells are rich in…?

A

Smooth ER

58
Q

Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow from parent cells. The RBCs themselves do not perform mitosis. Based on this description, what organelle could the RBC do without?

A

Nucleus

59
Q

A protein has been formed in the ribosome. Which of the following is a correct pathway to export the cell?

A

Rough ER –> Golgi Bodies –> Vesicles –> Plasma Membrane

60
Q

If a cell is unable to make proteins, which organelles could be affected?

A

Rough ER, ribosome, and nucleus

61
Q

A cell is not allowing sugars to enter the cell and move to the mitochondria. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

A

Cell membrane

62
Q

If peroxisomes do not function properly, what could occur?

A

Inability to break down long chain fatty acids and a build up of hydrogen peroxide in the cell.

63
Q

A cell is unable to form protein from RNA. What organelle is most likely affected?

A

Ribosomes

64
Q

An autotrophic cell is unable to make enough glucose. What organelle is most likely affected?

A

Chloroplast

65
Q

The inner membranes of chloroplasts are called _________________ and the inner membrane of the mitochondria is called _____________________.

A

Thylakoid; cristae

66
Q

Which type of inhibitor changes the shape of the enzyme?

A

Competitive

67
Q

Hexokinase is an enzyme that is involved with glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose for energy release) that occurs in the cytoplasm. What cellular structure makes hexokinase?

A

Free ribosomes in the cytoplasm

68
Q
A

2024-2025: Biology (22 decks)

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