EOC REVIEW: BOL- Viruses Flashcards
What are the requirements for life?
Made of one or more cells; displays organization; grows and develops; reproduces; responds to stimuli; requires energy; maintains homeostasis; adaptations evolve over time (My Daisy Greatly Reaps Roses; Moreover Adapts)
What is a virus?
A virus is a microscopic, infectious agent that contains genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, and can only replicate inside a host cell.
What genetic material do viruses have?
DNA or RNA
What is a capsid?
A capsid is a protein coat that a virus has that protects the genetic material.
What is an envelope?
It is a lipid layer derived from the host cell membrane
What is a spike or glycoprotein?
It helps the virus attach to host cells (e.g., influenza)
How are viruses infactious?
When a virus enters its host, it infects them so it can replicate itself.
What is the lytic cycle?
The virus hijacks the host cell, makes copies, and bursts the cell.
What is the lysogenic phase?
The virus integrates into the host genome and remains dormant until it activates. It replicates each time the host DNA each time the cell divides.
TRUE or FALSE: Lysogenic viruses can switch to being lytic.
True!
What are some characteristics of DNA viruses?
Low mutation rate; replications in the nucleus
Why do DNA viruses have a low mutation rate?
Enzymes that copy DNA have proofreading abilities, making DNA viruses more genetically stable.
What are characteristics of RNA viruses?
They have a high mutation rate; replicate in the cytoplasm.
Why do RNA viruses have a high mutation rate?
Enzymes that copy RNA are error-prone and lack proofreading abilities, leading to frequent mutations.
What is inate immunity?
Innate immunity detects and infectious agent.
What is adaptive immunity?
Adaptive immunity is triggered and special cells will start to kill of the virus.
What are viral varients?
Viral variants are different versions of viruses that adapted or mutated.
