EOC REVIEW: BOL- Proteins & Enzymes Flashcards
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made of a specific sequence of amino acids
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The primary structure of a protein is the precise sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
What is denaturing?
When a protein is exposed to extreme conditions, it can denature, meaning it loses its shape.
Why does a protein denature?
Usual causes are exposure to change in pH or temperatures
What are structural proteins?
They provide support and shape to cells and tissues
What are transport proteins?
They carry molecules across cell membranes
What are defense proteins?
Antibodies are defense proteins that help protect the body
What are antigens?
Antigens are pathogens that enter the body to make you sick.
What are signaling proteins?
Proteins like insulin act as chemical messengers, helping cells communicate with one another.
What are motor proteins?
They are responsible for movement within cells and tissues
What do enzymes do?
Enzymes catalyze reactions
Do enzymes speed up or slow down activation energy?
Enzymes lower activation energy.
How do enzymes function?
The substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme and the enzyme will convert it to a new form
TRUE OR FALSE: The substrate is specific to the enzyme.
True!
Are enzymes reused?
Yes
What affects enzymes?
Enzymes can be denatured, like other proteins
What is a competitive inhibitor?
It blocks substrates from docking with the active site.
What are noncompetative inhibitors?
They bind to another part of the enzyme, changing shape, so the active site doesn’t fit the substrate.
What is an uncompetitive inhibitor?
They can only bind to an enzyme when a substrate is present.
