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LA Infectious Disease > Unit 2 - Small Ruminant Johne's to end > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Small Ruminant Johne's to end Flashcards

1
Q

What clinical signs are associated with small ruminant Johne’s disease?

A

Wasting, loss of body fat, and about 20% have diarrhea

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2
Q

How young can small ruminants be to be affected by Johne’s disease?

A

1 year of age

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3
Q

What causes Johne’s in small ruminants?

A

M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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4
Q

How is Johne’s diagnosed?

A 
Clinical signs
DTH skin test
Serology
Histopath
Culture
PCR
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5
Q

What differentials should be considered with chronic weight loss?

A

Chronic parasitism, OPP, starvation, caseous lymphadenitis, bad teeth, and plastic disease

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6
Q

How is Johne’s prevented?

A

Extensive culling and segregation of replacement ewes

Total de-pop and re-pop

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7
Q

In what population of small ruminants does hemorrhagic enteritis cause high mortality rates?

A

Neonatal lambs

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8
Q

What usually causes hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

Clostridium perfringens type C

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9
Q

What toxin causes hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

Beta toxin

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10
Q

What does beta toxin do?

A

Causes severe damage to the intestinal epithelium and hemorrhagic necrosis

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11
Q

How is hemorrhagic enteritis prevented?

A

Immunization and sanitation of the lambing barn

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12
Q

What is the etiologic agent of Yellow Lamb Disease?

A

C. perfringens type A

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13
Q

What lambs are more commonly affected by yellow lamb disease?

A

Best doing lambs of 2-6 months of age usually due to overeating

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14
Q

What lesions does yellow lamb disease cause?

A

Massive intravascular hemolysis

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15
Q

What clinical signs does yellow lamb disease cause?

A

Anemia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, and jaundice

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16
Q

When is yellow lamb disease immunization recommended?

A

In endemic areas

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17
Q

What differentials should be considered with yellow lamb diseasE?

A

Leptospirosis, babesiosis, and copper poisoning

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18
Q

What is the main intestinal parasite that effects small ruminants?

A

Haemonchus contortus

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19
Q

What clinical syndrome does Haemonchus contortus cause?

A

Severe anemia

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20
Q

What lesion does Haemonchus contortus cause?

A

Bottle jaw

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21
Q

What are the ‘parasites’ of secondary importance?

A

Ostertagia circumcincta

Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, nematodirus

22
Q

What do the parasites of secondary importance cause?

A

Diarrhea, loose stools, and weight loss

23
Q

How are intestinal parasites prevented/controlled?

A

Pasture management vs. Dry lot management
Correct dosing of anthelmintics
Over-reliance on anthelmintics
Don’t switch anthelmintics often

24
Q

Is a low or high number on the FAMACHA test indicative of anemia?

A

High number

25
Q

What are the benefits to using the FAMACHA system?

A

Can be rapidly applied and is easier than FEC
High correlation between anemia score and severity of disease
Allows for good records and identification of genetically resistant animals

26
Q

What is refugia?

A

Maintaining a low population of anthelmintic-sensitive parasites

27
Q

What cautions need to be taken with the FAMACHA system?

A

Must be done correctly or will lead to problems
Only addresses Haemonchus
Must be used in combo with other parasite surveillance
Must use the card
Other conditions can affect the color of the 3rd eyelid

28
Q

What lambs and kids get coccidiosis?

A

Lambs and kids usually over 3 weeks of age

29
Q

T/F: Coccidiosis is only a problem in lambs and kids.

A

False - adult dairy goats get it too

30
Q

What are the predisposing factors for coccidiosis?

A

Standing water, muddy lots, and stress

31
Q

What clinical signs are associated with small ruminant coccidiosis?

A

Weak, down, or dead lambs or kids

Scouring, black feces, depression, and anorexia

32
Q

How is Coccidiosis prevented?

A

Lambing and nursing areas should be dry and well bedded
Prevent overcrowding
Coccidiostats
Rumensin

33
Q

How is Coccidiosis treated?

A

Neonates - Amprolium or Trimethoprim-sulfa

Feeder lambs - Amprolium + Sulfamethazine

34
Q

What causes black disease in small ruminants?

A

C. novyi type B and Fasciola hepatica

35
Q

When should small ruminants be vaccinated against black disease?

A

Prior to placing on pasure in spring or summer

36
Q

How is black disease treated?

A

There is no effective treatment

37
Q

What causes neonatal colibacillosis?

A

F5 E. coli

38
Q

What is neonatal colibacillosis also known as?

A

Watery mouth or rattle-belly

39
Q

In what conditions is neonatal colibacillosis more common in?

A

Crowded, dirty conditions

40
Q

How is colibacillosis prevented?

A 
Shearing before lambing
Crutching of ewes
Make sure lambs get sufficient colostrum
Sanitation
Immunization
41
Q

How is colibacillosis treated?

A

Rehydration
Keep lambs warm
Antibiotics

42
Q

What causes club lamb fungus?

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

43
Q

What predisposes lambs to club lamb fungus?

A

Lots of washing, shearing, and grooming - happens in sow lambs
Infected equipment and facilities

44
Q

T/F: Club lamb fungus is easily transmitted and lots of treatments are needed

A

True

45
Q

What predisposes small ruminants to dermatophilosis?

A

Moisture and minor trauma

46
Q

Where can dermatophilosis localize?

A

Back, legs, ears, etc.

47
Q

How is dermatophilosis treated?

A

penicillin

48
Q

T/F: Peste des Petit ruminant is rapidly transmitted and not a problem in the US.

A

True

49
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Peste des Petit?

A

High fever
Mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges
High mortality

50
Q

What lesions are associated with Peste des Petit?

A

Extensive erosions on oral and pharyngeal mucosa

Enteric lesions - zebra stripes

51
Q

What vaccinations should ewes get?

A 
C. jejuni and C. fetus fetus
CDT
Chlamydia abortus
Soremouth
Caseous lymphadenitis
E. coli F5 bacterin
Bluetongue
OR no vaccination for a closed herd
52
Q

What vaccinations should lambs get?

A

2x CDT 4 and 6 weeks of age
Bluetongue in endemic areas
Perfringens type A in endemic areas
+/- Haemonchus contortus vax

LA Infectious Disease (33 decks)

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