Unit 2 - Feet, Skin, Tick-Borne (Basically the misfits he threw in) Flashcards
What is the etiologic agent of Blackleg?
Clostridium chauvoei
At what age does Blackleg typically occur?
6 months - 2 years
In what season in Blackleg common?
Summer and fall
What clinical signs are associated with Blackleg?
Crepitation, acute onset, lameness, depression, fever that transitions to normal-subnotmal body temperature
What lesions does Blackleg cause?
Acute myonecrosis with gas formation
May only have necrosis of the myocardium and diaphragm
How is Blackleg diagnosed?
Usually with clinical signs and lesions
What do you do during a Blackleg outbreak?
Immunize and treat
How do you treat Blackleg?
Local and systemic antibiotics but they are not very successful
Aside from during an outbreak, when do you immunize against Blackleg?
Vaccinate 2x two weeks apart between 2-6 months of age
Booster the yearlings
Every 5 years in cows is ok
Where does the Blackleg vaccination go?
Subcutaneous in the neck area
What are the etiologic agents of bovine footrot?
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii
Acute epizootics footrot occurs in what weather?
dry weather
What environmental/housing/management conditions is associated with the enzootic form of bovine footrot?
Wet weather/facilities, stones, coarse stubble, frozen mud, poor hoof care, and founder
What differentials should be considered with bovine footrot?
Wires, nails, thorns Rough flooring Working cattle on concrete floors Fractures Bluetongue, mycoplasma, H. somni, and other diseases that can cause lameness Corns, warts, and granulomas Hairy heel warts (digital dermatitis)
How is bovine footrot prevented?
Improve housing or pasture conditions
Inorganic iodide
Zinc methionate as a continuous medication
Tetracycline in feed (approved)
How is footrot treated?
Prompt treatment is critical Clean foot and remove necrotic debris Treat topically Antibiotics Footbaths
What is Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis also known as?
Hairy Heel Warts
What is the etiologic agent of Hairy Heel Warts?
Treponema species
What are the predisposing factors for Hairy Heel Warts?
Mud and manure, wet conditions, and trauma
How is Hairy Heel Warts treated?
Topical tetracycline or lincomycin
Cover with some type of bandage or boot for <3 days
Why are relapses of Hairy Heel Warts common?
Predisposing conditions are often not changed and the organisms are still present on the farm
Is there a vaccination for Hairy Heel Warts?
Yes - it may provide partial protection
What are the etiologic agents of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)?
Mycoplasma bovoculi
Moraxella bovis
Moraxella bovoculi
What allows for colonization of the etiologic agents of IBK?
Initial damage to conjunctiva and cornea - bright sunlight, dust, flies, and long stemmy pasture grass and weeds
How is IBK prevented and controlled?
Cutting long stemmy pastures Fly control Allow cattle access to shade or building Immunization with fimbrial bacterins Avoid introduction of new animals during pinkeye season Avoid excessive inbreeding
How do you treat IBK?
Parenteral and topical antibiotics Corticosteroids Subconjunctival injection of antibiotic and steroid (not AMDUCA approved) Suturing eyelids closed Eye patch
What causes lymphosarcoma in cattle?
Bovine leukemia virus
When does infection of BLV usually occur?
Before 3 years of age
How is BLV transmitted?
By any method that transfers lymphocytes - dehorning, castration, bleeding, insects, semen, and embryo transfer
Transplacental transmission occurs in about 20% of calves born to infected dams
What clinical disease does BLV cause?
Enlarged lymph nodes anywhere in the body
Compression or displacement of other tissues
Persistent lymphocytosis
When does lymphosarcoma clinical disease typically present?
5-8 years old - they are over 2 years of age