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LA Infectious Disease > Unit 1 - Avian Part 2 (Infectious Coryza - Avian TB) > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Avian Part 2 (Infectious Coryza - Avian TB) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiologic agent for infectious corzya?

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

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2
Q

What are the serotypes for infectious coryza and are they cross protective?

A

Serotypes A, B, and C

They are not cross protective

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3
Q

How is infectious coryza transmitted?

A

Via respiratory droplets, through drinking water, and contact

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4
Q

What is the incubation period for infectious corzya?

A

1-3 days

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5
Q

Does infectious coryza spread quickly or slowly?

A

quickly - rapid spread

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6
Q

What type of disease does chicken coryza cause?

A

An acute respiratory disease of chickens lasting 2- 3 weeks

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7
Q

What clinical signs are associated with chicken coryza?

A

Copious gray nasal discharge, sneezing, swelling of sinus is, and exudate that might consolidate and turn yellow

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8
Q

What can secondary infection in cases of chicken coryza lead to?

A

Conjunctivitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, and airsacculitis

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9
Q

What population of chickens can become severely affected by chicken coryza and what happens to them?

A

Laying hens can become severely affected an egg production can fall markedly

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10
Q

What non-respiratory clinical sign can happen in cases of chicken coryza?

A

They may have anorexia and diarrhea

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11
Q

How does chicken coryza effect pullets?

A

They may have delayed production

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12
Q

How is chicken coryza diagnosed?

A

Bacterial culture along with typical clinical signs or PCR and real time PCR

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13
Q

What type of facilities perpetuate coryza?

A

Multi-age layer facilities

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14
Q

How is coryza prevented and in what farms is this important for?

A

Bacterins are available for farms with history of the disease but you need to make sure to have the correct serotypes

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15
Q

In relation to placement when should pullets be vaccinated for coryza?

A

At least 1 month prior to placement

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16
Q

How is coryza treated?

A

With antibiotics in the water but you need to make sure to start early in the disease process and be aware that antibiotics leave residues in eggs

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17
Q

What is the most significant mycoplasma worldwide in birds?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

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18
Q

What type of flocks is mycoplasma infection common in and what population maintains infection within that flock?

A

It is more common in multiage layer flocks where carrier birds can maintain infection

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19
Q

What wild bird is mycoplasma gallisepticum infection common in?

A

Finches of the wild variety

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20
Q

What disease process does Mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in house finches that has led to a major population decline?

A

Conjunctivitis

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21
Q

What does Mycoplasma gallisepticum causing turkeys?

A

infectious sinusitis

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22
Q

What does Mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in chickens?

A

Chronic respiratory disease

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23
Q

How is Mycoplasma gallisepticum transmitted?

A

The source of the organism is often unknown but it can be transmitted via vertical transmission through the egg or it can spread laterally once in a flock

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24
Q

What are the ways that Mycoplasma gallisepticum could transmit laterally?

A

Respiratory route, contaminated water, feed, phone lines, contact.

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25
Q

True or false: Mycoplasma gallisepticum can be silent in a flock until some type of stress occurs.

A

True

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26
Q

True or False: Chickens generally have a severe disease and remain carriers for life when infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

A

False - chickens generally have a mild disease but remain carriers for life

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27
Q

What role does the National Poultry Improvement Plan play in control of mycoplasma gallisepticum?

A

They coordinate serologic testing of breeder flocks to ensure a Mycoplasma gallisepticum free status

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28
Q

How is Mycoplasma gallisepticum diagnosis?

A

It is diagnosed by culture and ID with species specific flourescent antibody. it can also be diagnosed with PCR from clinical materials

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29
Q

How is Mycoplasma gallisepticum treated?

A

Tetracyclines, tylosin, another antibiotics

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30
Q

Since birds remain carriers of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, what should you do to prevent further infection?

A

Depopulation and disinfect. It is best to eradicate from breeders

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31
Q

What populations operations are back to rinse available for against Michael plasma gallisepticum?

A

Multiage commercial layer operations

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32
Q

Is there a vaccine for mycoplasma gallisepticum?

A

Yes a recombinant fowlpox mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine is available

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33
Q

What is the etiologic agent of aspergillosis?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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34
Q

What type of disease may aspergillosis cause?

A

Respiratory, digestive, or neurological disease

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35
Q

What species of birds does aspergillosis most commonly affect?

A

Commercial poultry, pet birds, Penguins

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36
Q

What neurologic clinical signs are associated with aspergillosis?

A

Conversions and torticollis

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37
Q

What is the epidemiology of aspergillosis?

A

Inhalation of spores that are in moldy litter, grain, or others

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38
Q

In _____ numbers, there is high _______ when Aspergillosis is inhaled.

A

high, morbidity

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39
Q

What respiratoria lesions does aspergillosis cause?

A

Granulomatous lesions in or on the lungs, air sacs, bronchi, trachea. There are characteristic greenish to blue or dark grey patches of sporing heads from the aspergillosis

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40
Q

What GI lesions does aspergillosis cause and in what species is this more common?

A

Plaque-like lesions

more common in turkeys

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41
Q

How is aspergillosis diagnos?

A

culture tissues or histopath

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42
Q

How is aspergillosis treated?

A

It is difficult to treat because the outbreak is often almost over before it can be adequately diagnosed. It is recommended to destroy or burn the feed in letter

43
Q

How is aspergillosis prevented in penguins?

A

Feeding potassium iodide laced fish has been reported at to be an effective preventive

44
Q

True or False: E. coli diseases are usually extraintestinal.

A

True

45
Q

What are the avian E. coli diseases?

A

APEC (Avian Pathogenic E. coli) airsacculitis, septicemia, polyserositis, and omphalitis

46
Q

What is Omphalitis?

A

Yolk SAC disease

47
Q

How are E. coli diseases controlled in prevented?

A

Prevent other diseases, limit dust and ammonia in poultry barns, and avoid overcrowding

48
Q

What do you often see in chicks with omphalitis? What is their prognosis?

A

You often see unhealed navels and they usually die by 5 days of age

49
Q

What causes omphalitis?

A

Marked contamination of eggs and poor regulation of incubation temperature and humidity

50
Q

How is omphalitis diagnosed?

A

Bacteriologic culture

51
Q

How is omphalitis treated?

A

Tetracycline in the drinking water

52
Q

How is omphalitis prevented?

A

Sanitize eggs soon after collection and correct incubation conditions

53
Q

What is the gapeworm?

A

Syngamus trachea

54
Q

What species are affected by gapeworm?

A

Chickens, Turkey, Guinea fowl, and many wild birds

55
Q

Is the main intermediate host for gapeworm?

A

earthworms

56
Q

Can birds transmit gapeworm to one another?

A

Yes

57
Q

what age group of birds are most severely affected by gapeworm?

A

Young birds

58
Q

What lesions are associated with gapeworm infection and where?

A

Lymphoid nodules format the points of attachment in the trachea and bronchi

59
Q

What disease process does gape worm cause?

A

Hemorrhagic tracheitis and bronchitis

60
Q

Why may birds effected with gapeworm have difficulty breathing?

A

Because large quantities of mucus may plug air passages

61
Q

How is gapeworm diagnosed?

A

Typical clinical signs in young birds
Older birds may only have a mild cough
Characteristic worms in trachea

62
Q

How is gapeworm prevented?

A

Insecticides to kill intermediate hosts

63
Q

What drug could be put in water or feed to get rid of gapeworms, but is not allowed in the United States because the dosage is too high?

A

Fenbendazole - you would need 100 ppm and only 16 ppm is allowed

64
Q

What species of birds and age group does Orinthobacterium rhinotracheale cause severe disease in?

A

Older turkeys

65
Q

What clinical signs and lesions does ORT cause in 2 week old Turkey poults?

A

Milder respiratory signs, facial edema, decreased feed and water consumption, and increased mortality

66
Q

What clinical signs and lesions does ORT cause in 12 to 14 week old broiler turkeys?

A

Sudden death, marked dyspnea, and frequently have blood-stained mucus in the mouth

67
Q

What age does ORT affect broiler chickens?

A

3 to 4 weeks

68
Q

Clinical signs and lesions does ORT cause in broiler chickens?

A

Mild respiratory disease with sneezing, nasal discharge, sinusitis, increased mortality, and poor rate of game

69
Q

What clinical signs in lesions does ORT cause in layer and breeder chickens?

A

Mild respiratory signs, slightly increased mortality, decreased egg production, poor shell quality, in smaller eggs

70
Q

When is the most common time for broiler breeders to be infected with ORT?

A

Around 6 months of age

71
Q

Overall, what lesions does ORT cause?

A

Pneumonia, fibronous pleuritis, peritonitis, pericarditis, airsacculitis, mild sinusitis, tracheitis, enlarged liver, and oophoritis

72
Q

How is ORT diagnosed?

A

Bacterial culture and ID

73
Q

What can be used to survey flocks serologically for infection?

A

AGID, ELISA, Serum agglutination

74
Q

How is ORT controlled in prevented?

A

Have excellent biosecurity, All-in all-out facility, thorough disinfection of poultry houses, and immunization

75
Q

What is the recommendation/requirement for autogenous bacterins for turkey broilers?

A

They must include several serotypes beside A

76
Q

How are chicken broilers best immunized for ORT?

A

Through hens because it provides protection out to 2-4 weeks

77
Q

How is ORT treated?

A

Antimicrobials are best but susceptibility tests should be done. Tetracyclines and amoxicillin in water have worked in some cases

78
Q

What is the etiologic agent of fowl cholera?

A

Pasteurella multocida Types A and sometimes F

79
Q

Fowl cholera is usually what type of disease? (Like what disease process?)

A

An acute septicemia

80
Q

The morbidity and mortality for fowl cholera is up to ____%.

A

100%

81
Q

What species does fowl cholera affect?

A

Chickens, Turkey, geese, waterfowl

82
Q

But lesions does chronic fowl cholera often result in?

A

Isolated suppurative lesions in the respiratory tract, head, and joint infection

83
Q

Animals that get fowl cholera often get torticollis. What disease process causes this?

A

otitis

84
Q

How does fowl cholera often present?

A

Sudden deaths in a large number of birds without previous signs

85
Q

How does fowl cholera present in peracute disease?

A

generalized hyperemia and congestion

86
Q

What lesions are associated with fowl cholera?

A

Focal hepatitis and splenitis
purulent pneumonia
Cellulitis and suppurative lesions in face and wattles
Purulent arthritis in chronic forms or survivors of acute forms
Enteritis with diarrhea can occur
Oophoritis

87
Q

How is fowl cholera diagnosed?

A

Culture and ID

Multiplex PCR for serotyping

88
Q

How is fowl cholera prevented?

A

Good biosecurity, rodent control, rabbits, bacterins

89
Q

What is the preferred bacterin for fowl cholera?

A

Commercial polyvalent bacterins

90
Q

What bacterin should be used if commercial doesn’t work?

A

Autogenous bacterins

91
Q

How should live attenuated fowl cholera vaccine be given to turkeys?

A

through the water

92
Q

How should live attenuated fowl cholera vaccines be given to chickens?

A

Via the wing web

93
Q

How is fowl cholera treated?

A

Sulfas, tetracyclines, and penicillin

94
Q

What is the only way to rid a population form fowl cholera?

A

Total depopulation, thorough disinfection, and repopulation in a few weeks is the only way

95
Q

What causes avian tuberculosis in our poultry?

A

Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium

Serotypes 1, 2, and 3 most commonly

96
Q

What is the etiologic agent of avian tuberculosis in pet birds?

A

M. genavense

97
Q

How is avian tuberculosis transmitted?

A

Oral and aerosol transmission

Natural habits in soil and bird intestines

98
Q

True or False: Commercial poultry do not usually live long enough to develop disease from avian tuberculosis unless in multi-age layer or breeder flocks.

A

True

99
Q

What flocks may develop avian tuberculosis?

A

Backyard flocks and pet birds

100
Q

What clinical signs does avian tuberculosis cause?

A

Emaciation, depression, diarrhea, and marked atrophy of the breast muscles

101
Q

What lesions does avian tuberculosis cause?

A

Tubercles in multiple organs usually beginning with intestine and liver

102
Q

How is avian tuberculosis diagnosed?

A

With culture of tissues or feces or acid-fast organisms on histopath

103
Q

How is avian tuberculosis prevented?

A

Tuberculin testing commercial birds
Whole blood agglutination for imported birds, waterfowl, and others
Good biosecurity

LA Infectious Disease (33 decks)

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