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Honors Bio > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Negative

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2
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

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3
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

Neutral

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4
Q

What atom do all organic molecules have?

A

Carbon

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4
Q

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

A

An element is made up of one thing. A compound is made up of multiple elements.

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5
Q

What are the four essential elements?

A

C, H, O, and N

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6
Q

What are trace elements?

A

Trace elements are elements that people only need minute (tiny) quantities of. Ex: iron and zinc

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7
Q

The atomic mass is based on what?

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

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8
Q

In a neutral atom, what is the relationship between the protons and electrons?

A

The number of protons and electrons are equal to each other.

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9
Q

What does a subscript represent?

A

The amount of atoms in the molecule

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10
Q

What does a coefficient represent?

A

Number of molecules

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11
Q

What does the superscript represent?

A

The ion (charge)

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12
Q

What is the difference between non polar and polar bonds?

A

Non polar bonds have equal sharing while polar bonds do not.

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13
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

Universal solvent. Freezes and floats. Cohesion (sticks to each other). Adhesion (sticks to other polar molecules). High specific heat.

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14
Q

What part of water is slightly positive?

A

Hydrogen

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15
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of a solute and solvent

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16
Q

What part of water is slightly negative?

A

Oxygen

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17
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that is put into the solvent to dissolve.

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18
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance that dissolves the solute

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19
Q

What is a concentration?

A

How much solute is in a given solvent. The symbol for concentration is []

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20
Q

What is capillary action?

A

Due to cohesion and adhesion, water acts like a magnet and can pull itself up against gravity.

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20
Q

What is density?

A

Mass divided by volume

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21
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution. It is also called a proton giver.

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22
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is any substance that reduced the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution. (More OH- ions, hydroxide ion). It is also called a proton acceptor.

23
Q

What is a buffer?

A

Substances that MINIMIZE changes in the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution.

24
Q

What are buffers made up of?

A

A weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid

25
Q

What are isomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecule formula but different structures and properties.

26
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Consist of only hydrogen and carbon. Sections of these are found in many of a cells organize molecules.

27
Q

What are the suffixes for a single bond, double bond, and triple bond with another carbon?

A

-ane, -ene, -yne

28
Q

What is steric hindrance?

A

When molecules get in each other’s way.

29
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A protein

30
Q

What is denaturing?

A

The unfolding of an protein.

31
Q

What are the four stages of protein folding?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

32
Q

What is primary structure?

A

Unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. Linear or ribbon-like.

33
Q

What is secondary structure?

A

Folding or coiling of the polypeptide into a repeating pattern. carbonyl will bind to a amine of another amino acid.

34
Q

What is tertiary structure?

A

Overall shape is formed. Results form interactions between amino acids and r groups.

35
Q

What is quaternary structure?

A

Multiple polypeptide associate, each serving as a subunit of a large structure.

36
Q

What forms a peptide bond?

A

Amino acids bonding to each other

37
Q

What do enzymes bond to in a substrate?

A

The active site.

38
Q

What is induced fit?

A

The enzyme changes shape as the enzyme connects. The substrate’s shape may also change shape.

39
Q

What is the rate of enzyme activity controlled by?

A

The pH, concentration of the substrate and enzyme. This can wear out the enzyme.

40
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

A process that stops another process.

41
Q

What is competitive inhibition?

A

When there is a blockage of the active site.

42
Q

What is non competitive inhibition?

A

A substrate cannot bind as the shape of the enzyme is changed. This is because another enzyme is bonding at another place.

43
Q

What are lipids made of?

A

C, H, and O

44
Q

What are carbohydrates made of?

A

C, H, and O

45
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

C, H, O, and N

46
Q

What are nuclei acids made of?

A

C, H, O, N, and Phosphorus

47
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

Energy source for cell. Produce structural support. Found on the surface of the cell. Short, quick energy.

48
Q

What do lipids do?

A

Non polar and hydrophobic. Store long term energy.

49
Q

What do proteins do?

A

Help in metabolism by producing structural support. Acts as enzymes, carriers, or hormones.

50
Q

What do nuclei acids do?

A

Made up of repeating units of nucleotides that direct cell division and protein synthesis.

51
Q

What are nucleotides made up of?

A

Pentode sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

52
Q

What are the types of nuclei acids?

A

DNA and RNA

53
Q

What do all amino acids have in common?

A

Amine group, carboxylic acid group, and an R group

54
Q

What bonds do sugar molecules make?

A

Glucosidic bond

55
Q

What bonds are made when amino acids bond?

A

Peptide bond

56
Q

What bonds are made when fatty acids are joined to a glycerol?

A

Ester bond

57
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

And H2O is taken away from the two reactants.

Honors Bio (29 decks)

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