Unit 2 Exam

Question 1

What charge does an electron have?

Answer 1

Negative

Question 2

What charge does a proton have?

Answer 2

Positive

Question 3

What charge does a neutron have?

Answer 3

Neutral

Question 4

What atom do all organic molecules have?

Answer 4

Carbon

Question 4

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Answer 4

An element is made up of one thing. A compound is made up of multiple elements.

Question 5

What are the four essential elements?

Answer 5

C, H, O, and N

Question 6

What are trace elements?

Answer 6

Trace elements are elements that people only need minute (tiny) quantities of. Ex: iron and zinc

Question 7

The atomic mass is based on what?

Answer 7

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

Question 8

In a neutral atom, what is the relationship between the protons and electrons?

Answer 8

The number of protons and electrons are equal to each other.

Question 9

What does a subscript represent?

Answer 9

The amount of atoms in the molecule

Question 10

What does a coefficient represent?

Answer 10

Number of molecules

Question 11

What does the superscript represent?

Answer 11

The ion (charge)

Question 12

What is the difference between non polar and polar bonds?

Answer 12

Non polar bonds have equal sharing while polar bonds do not.

Question 13

What are the properties of water?

Answer 13

Universal solvent. Freezes and floats. Cohesion (sticks to each other). Adhesion (sticks to other polar molecules). High specific heat.

Question 14

What part of water is slightly positive?

Answer 14

Hydrogen

Question 15

What is a solution?

Answer 15

A mixture of a solute and solvent

Question 16

What part of water is slightly negative?

Answer 16

Oxygen

Question 17

What is a solute?

Answer 17

A substance that is put into the solvent to dissolve.

Question 18

What is a solvent?

Answer 18

The substance that dissolves the solute

Question 19

What is a concentration?

Answer 19

How much solute is in a given solvent. The symbol for concentration is []

Question 20

What is capillary action?

Answer 20

Due to cohesion and adhesion, water acts like a magnet and can pull itself up against gravity.

Question 20

What is density?

Answer 20

Mass divided by volume

Question 21

What is an acid?

Answer 21

An acid is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution. It is also called a proton giver.

Question 22

What is a base?

Answer 22

A base is any substance that reduced the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution. (More OH- ions, hydroxide ion). It is also called a proton acceptor.

Question 23

What is a buffer?

Answer 23

Substances that MINIMIZE changes in the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution.

Question 24

What are buffers made up of?

Answer 24

A weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid

Question 25

What are isomers?

Answer 25

Molecules with the same molecule formula but different structures and properties.

Question 26

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 26

Consist of only hydrogen and carbon. Sections of these are found in many of a cells organize molecules.

Question 27

What are the suffixes for a single bond, double bond, and triple bond with another carbon?

Answer 27

-ane, -ene, -yne

Question 28

What is steric hindrance?

Answer 28

When molecules get in each other’s way.

Question 29

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 29

A protein

Question 30

What is denaturing?

Answer 30

The unfolding of an protein.

Question 31

What are the four stages of protein folding?

Answer 31

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 32

What is primary structure?

Answer 32

Unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. Linear or ribbon-like.

Question 33

What is secondary structure?

Answer 33

Folding or coiling of the polypeptide into a repeating pattern. carbonyl will bind to a amine of another amino acid.

Question 34

What is tertiary structure?

Answer 34

Overall shape is formed. Results form interactions between amino acids and r groups.

Question 35

What is quaternary structure?

Answer 35

Multiple polypeptide associate, each serving as a subunit of a large structure.

Question 36

What forms a peptide bond?

Answer 36

Amino acids bonding to each other

Question 37

What do enzymes bond to in a substrate?

Answer 37

The active site.

Question 38

What is induced fit?

Answer 38

The enzyme changes shape as the enzyme connects. The substrate’s shape may also change shape.

Question 39

What is the rate of enzyme activity controlled by?

Answer 39

The pH, concentration of the substrate and enzyme. This can wear out the enzyme.

Question 40

What is negative feedback?

Answer 40

A process that stops another process.

Question 41

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 41

When there is a blockage of the active site.

Question 42

What is non competitive inhibition?

Answer 42

A substrate cannot bind as the shape of the enzyme is changed. This is because another enzyme is bonding at another place.

Question 43

What are lipids made of?

Answer 43

C, H, and O

Question 44

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 44

C, H, and O

Question 45

What are proteins made of?

Answer 45

C, H, O, and N

Question 46

What are nuclei acids made of?

Answer 46

C, H, O, N, and Phosphorus

Question 47

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 47

Energy source for cell. Produce structural support. Found on the surface of the cell. Short, quick energy.

Question 48

What do lipids do?

Answer 48

Non polar and hydrophobic. Store long term energy.

Question 49

What do proteins do?

Answer 49

Help in metabolism by producing structural support. Acts as enzymes, carriers, or hormones.

Question 50

What do nuclei acids do?

Answer 50

Made up of repeating units of nucleotides that direct cell division and protein synthesis.

Question 51

What are nucleotides made up of?

Answer 51

Pentode sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Question 52

What are the types of nuclei acids?

Answer 52

DNA and RNA

Question 53

What do all amino acids have in common?

Answer 53

Amine group, carboxylic acid group, and an R group

Question 54

What bonds do sugar molecules make?

Answer 54

Glucosidic bond

Question 55

What bonds are made when amino acids bond?

Answer 55

Peptide bond

Question 56

What bonds are made when fatty acids are joined to a glycerol?

Answer 56

Ester bond

Question 57

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 57

And H2O is taken away from the two reactants.