Protein Production + Mutations Flashcards
What is a codon?
three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the addition of a specific amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation
What is mRNA?
messenger RNA; carries nucleotide sequence that is translated into a polypeptide sequence
What is tRNA?
transfer RNA; contains the specific three-nucleotide anticodon sequence to pair with mRNA codon and also binds to a specific amino acid
Transcription vs Translation
Transcription - copying DNA
Translation - unzipping DNA to make RNA
What is a mutation?
A sudden change in heredity
- can be advantageous/disadvantageous
- can be random/recessive
What are the different types of mutations?
silent
missense
nonsense
frameshift
What are point mutations?
substitution, addition, deletion of a single nucleotide
What are mutations caused by?
UV rays, X-rays, microwaves, tobacco, viruses, radiation
What are silent mutations?
Mutations that do not produce a change in amino acids produced.
What are missense mutations?
Changes the production of a different amino acid
What are nonsense mutations?
Leads to the appearance of a premature stop codon
What is a frameshift mutation?
Shifts how the amino acid is read by a deletion/insertion
What is an anticodon?
group of 3 bases on tRNA that are complementary to the codon on the mRNA sequence
Where does transcription happen?
nucleus
Where does translation happen?
cytoplasm
What does the nuclear pore do?
Allows mRNA to transfer to cytoplasm
What does translation do?
pairs mRNA with tRNA to create a polypeptide chain
What does RNA polymerase do?
Adds complementary RNA nucleotides to DNA
What are ribosomes made up of?
Proteins and RNA
