Mitosis + Meiosis

Question 1

Somatic vs. Gametes

Answer 1

Somatic cells are diploid—meaning they have two sets of chromosomes. Gametes are haploids—meaning that have only one set of chromosomes.

Question 2

somatic vs gametes cells

Answer 2

Somatic cells are body cells. Gametes are sex cells.

Question 3

What are all stages of mitosis?

Answer 3

Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 4

What is a chromatin?

Answer 4

Loose/unraveled DNA

Question 5

What is a chromatid?

Answer 5

A newly copied condensed chromosome

Question 6

What is a chromosome

Answer 6

Two condensed chromatids joined by a centromere

Question 7

What is a centromere

Answer 7

The center of the chromosome where the chromatids connect

Question 8

What are spindle fibers made up of?

Answer 8

Tubulin

Question 9

What are the phases of interphase?

Answer 9

Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2

Question 10

What happens in gap 1

Answer 10

Cell grows in size. Organelles replicate.

Question 11

What happens in synthesis?

Answer 11

Replication of DNA. synthesis of proteins associated with DNA

Question 12

What happens in gap 2?

Answer 12

Synthesis of proteins associated with mitosis

Question 13

What happens in prophase?

Answer 13

Chromatin condense into chromatids. Spindle fibers form. Chromosomes are captured by the spindles. Nucleolus breaks down.

Question 14

What are spindle fibers?

Answer 14

Specialized microtubules radiating out from centrioles.

Question 15

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 15

Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell, with one chromatid facing each pole.

Question 16

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 16

Spindle fibers shorten and pull chromatids towards opposite poles. Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles.

Question 17

What happens in telophase?

Answer 17

Spindle fibers disintegrate. Nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes. Chromosomes revert to chromatid. Cytokinesis occurs.

Question 18

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 18

Splitting the cytoplasm.

Question 19

What is mitosis?

Answer 19

The splitting of the nucleus.

Question 20

Difference of cytokinesis and mitosis

Answer 20

Mitosis is the splitting of the nucleus. Cytokinesis is the splitting of cytoplasm.

Question 21

What is cleavage furrow?

Answer 21

When animal cells go through cytokinesis.

Question 22

What is cell plate?

Answer 22

Happens in plant cells when undergoing cytokinesis.

Question 23

Do plant cells have centrioles?

Answer 23

NO YOU DIMBAT

Question 24

What organisms go through meiosis?

Answer 24

All sexually producing animals.

Question 25

Where does meiosis take place? Differentiate between males and females.

Answer 25

Males - tetes, females - ovaries

Question 26

Why does meiosis happen?

Answer 26

To produce offspring with a combination of genes from both parents. It allows unique offspring.

Question 27

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 27

Similar in size, shape, position of the genetic information. Not identical.

Question 28

What are the two types of chromosomes from each parent?

Answer 28

One paternal chromosome, one maternal chromosome. Sister chromatids of each.

Question 29

Paternal vs maternal

Answer 29

Paternal is from a father. Maternal is from a mother.

Question 30

What is a tetrad?

Answer 30

2 sets of homologous chromosomes connected by a centromere.

Question 31

Why is crossing over important?

Answer 31

Introduces genetic variety.

Question 32

When does crossing over happen?

Answer 32

Happens in prophase 1.

Question 33

What happens in crossing over?

Answer 33

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic info and produce recombinant chromatids.

Question 34

What is chiasmata?

Answer 34

The exchange of genetic information from homologous chromosomes.

Question 35

What is the order in meiosis?

Answer 35

Interphase, prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1 + cytokinesis, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2 + cytokinesis.

Question 36

How many daughter cells in mitosis vs meiosis?

Answer 36

Mitosis makes 2. Meiosis makes 4.

Question 37

What are checkpoints used for?

Answer 37

To check that cell division is following through correctly. During these checkpoints, mistakes can be corrected or the cell can be stopped from going through division.

Question 38

What are the three different checkpoints?

Answer 38

G1/S checkpoint. G2/M (mitosis) checkpoint, spindle checkpoint.

Question 39

What is the G1/S Checkpoint?

Answer 39

First checkpoint. Decides if a cell will continue through cell division.

Question 40

What is the G2/M checkpoint?

Answer 40

Checks if a cell went though all stages of interphase correctly. Let’s a cell go through mitosis.

Question 41

What is the spindle checkpoint?

Answer 41

Checks that all chromosomes have attacked to the spindle for anaphase.

Question 42

What allows cells to continue cell division?

Answer 42

Growth factors. Size of the cell. Nutritional intake

Question 43

What is the average cell division for animals?

Answer 43

10-20 hours