Genetic Info + Cloning Flashcards
What are nucleotides made up of?
deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), phosphate group, nitrogenous base
What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
What nitrogenous bases are double-ringed, purines, single-ringed, and pyrimidines
AG
AG
CT
CT
What are phosphate groups attached to?
5’ carbon of one nucleotide and the 3’ carbon of another one
What nucleotides are connected with two bonds? Which are connected with three?
AT - 2, GC - 3
What is RNA made up of?
nitrogenous base, ribose (five-carbon sugar), and a phosphate group
What type of molecule is helicase?
Enzyme
What does helicase do?
Unwinds the DNA to make it straight
What does topoisomerase do?
Unwinds and unspirals DNA
What does DNA primer do?
Added as a site to begin DNA replication
What does DNA polymerase do?
adds complementary bases
Replaces the RNA primers with DNA
What does ligase do?
Joins sugar-phosphate backbone with newly synthesized DNA strand
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes in DNA
one chromosome
circular
“theta” replication
multiple origins
replication bubbles
in nucleus
What is the leading strand?
Elongated continuously from 5’ to 3’
One at a time complementary are added
What is the lagging strand?
Discontinuous
Adds Okazaki fragments
Between 1000-2000 nucleotides long
