Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Honors Bio > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pineal gland do?

A

Produces melatonin. Makes you sleepy at night time. Combats stress. Improves sleep. Regulates sleeps cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

Regulates sleep cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the thyroid gland do?

A

Produces thyroid hormones (T3 +T4) and Calcitonin. Increases cell metabolism. Growth and neural development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the T3 hormone do?

A

Tissue growth, oxygen consumptions. Regulates temperature. Protein synthesis. metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the T4 hormone do?

A

Prohormone for T3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

Lowers blood calcium levels. Stimulates calcium absorption by the bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the parathyroid gland do?

A

Makes PTH (parathyroid hormone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Stimulates the release of calcium from the bone. Stimulates calcium absorption by the gut and kidney. Raises blood calcium by telling bones to release calcium + the intestines to absorb calcium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the Adrenal cortex do?

A

Creates glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do glucocorticoids do?

A

They all end in the letters “cortisol”. They help with long-term metabolic responses to stress and anti-inflammatory responses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do?

A

All end in the letters “aldosterone”. Involved in salt and water balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do?

A

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. (adrenaline and noradrenaline). Stimulates immediate flight or flight reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the ovaries do?

A

Release estrogen and progesterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do estrogen and progesterone do?

A

estrogen - development/maintenance of female sexual parts. progesterone - supports pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the testes do?

A

Makes androgens (testosterone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do androgens (testosterone) do?

A

Development and maintenance of male sexual parts.

17
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Releases and inhibits hormones to control the anterior pituitary. Makes ADH and oxytocin which are transported and released by the posterior pituitary.

18
Q

What does the posterior pituitary do?

A

releases hormones made by the hypothalamus. secretes ADH and oxytocin.

19
Q

What does ADH and oxytocin do?

A

adh - antidiuretic hormone. promotes water conservation by the kidneys.
oxytocin - stimulates the contraction of the uterus/flow of milk

20
Q

What does the anterior pituitary do?

A

secretes FSH, LH, ACTH, GH< prolactin, MSH, endorphins, and enkephalins.

21
Q

What do FSH and LH do?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone - (f) maturation of ovarian follicles (m) stimulates spermatogenesis
luteinizing hormone - (f) triggers ovulation/ovarian productions of estrogens and progesterone. (m) production of testosterone

22
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone. Stimulates secretory activity of the adrenal cortex.

23
Q

What does GH do?

A

growth hormone. stimulates protein synthesis + growth

24
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

stimulates milk production.

25
Q

What does MSH do?

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Controls skin pigmentation

26
Q

What do endorphins and enkephalins do?

A

pain control

27
Q

What does the thymus do?

A

it diminishes in adults. it produces thymosins which place a role in the immune system.

28
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Releases insulin and glucagon.

29
Q

What do insulin and glucagon do?

A

insulin - lowers blood glucose levels.
glucagon - raises blood glucose levels.

30
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Neck

31
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Brain

32
Q

What are hormones made up of?

A

amino acids or lipids

33
Q

Water-soluble hormones _________ pass through the cell membrane and therefore bind to receptors _________ the target cell.

A

cannot; on

34
Q

Lipid-soluble hormones _________ pass through the cell membrane and therefore bind to receptors _________ the target cell.

A

can; inside

35
Q

What is a hormone cascade?

A

one hormone triggers the release of another, which in turn triggers the release of yet another hormone.

36
Q

What are steroid hormones?

A

Lipid soluble and can pass through the cell membrane through simple diffusion.

37
Q

Exocrine vs Endocrine

A

Exocrine - chemicals produced by the gland are secreted to the skin surface.
Endocrine - hormones are secreted into the capillaries/bloodstream.

Honors Bio (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions