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Honors Bio > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first step of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis

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2
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

The cytoplasm

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3
Q

Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

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4
Q

What does anaerobic and aerobic mean?

A

Anaerobic means that something does not require oxygen. Aerobic means that something does require oxygen.

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5
Q

In glycolysis, what is glucose broken down into?

A

Pyruvate

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6
Q

What does glycolysis need to start?

A

ATP

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7
Q

What is the net yield for glycolysis?

A

Two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH

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8
Q

What is NADH?

A

A coenzyme that has the ability to transfer electrons.

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9
Q

What is the next step of cellular respiration?

A

The intermediate step; pyruvate oxidation

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10
Q

What happens during the intermediate step?

A

The two pyruvate are transpired by active transport into the mitochondria (specifically the mitochondrial matrix).

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11
Q

What happens when the pyruvate is transported to the mitochondrial matrix?

A

The two pyruvate are oxidized. Then, they are converted into two acetyl CoA. Additionally, CO2 is released, and 2 NADH are produced.

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12
Q

What is the second step of cellular respiration?

A

The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

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13
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) take place?

A

In the mitochondrial matrix

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14
Q

Is the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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15
Q

What is produced in the Krebs cycle?

A

2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2

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16
Q

What is released in the Krebs cycle?

A

CO2

17
Q

What is FADH2?

A

A coenzyme that assists in transferring electrons

18
Q

What is the third step of cellular respiration?

A

The electron transport chain AND chemiosmosis

19
Q

What does ETC stand for?

A

Electron transport chain

20
Q

Where does ETC and chemiosmosis take place?

A

The inner mitochondrial membrane

21
Q

Is ETC and chemiosmosis aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

22
Q

What happens in ETC?

A

Electrons are transferred from the NADH and FADH2 to protein complexes and electron carriers.

23
Q

What are electrons used for in ETC?

A

Electrons generate a proton gradient as protons are pumped across to the inter membrane space. (Note: this cases an electrical and chemical gradient.)

24
Q

How can protons travel through membranes?

A

Through an enzyme called ATP synthase

25
Q

What happens in chemiosmosis?

A

The protons travel down their electrochemical gradient through a portion of the ATP synthase, powering it to make ATP.

26
Q

What is the final acceptor of the electrons in ETC and chemiosmosis?

A

Oxygen

27
Q

What is made in ETC and chemiosmosis?

A

26-34 molecules of ATP.

28
Q

How much ATP can be made with one glucose?

A

30-38 ATP

29
Q

Can ATP be made with no oxygen?

A

Yes

30
Q

How can ATP be made with no oxygen

A

Fermentation

31
Q

What are the two types of fermentation?

A

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

32
Q

What is the nemonic LEO GER?

A

Leo Electrons - Oxidized; Gain Electrons - Reduced

33
Q

What is alcoholic fermentation done by?

A

Some types of yeast

34
Q

What is used in alcoholic fermentation?

A

The two pyruvate from glycolysis

35
Q

In alcoholic fermentation, what will the 2 pyruvate become?

A

Carbon dioxide gets released and 2 ethanol are made (alcohol)
Note: the derivative of pyruvate—acetaldehyde—can act as an electron acceptor. This helps the two NADH oxidize into two NAD+ so glycolysis can start over.

36
Q

What cells do lactic acid fermentation?

A

Cells, eg. muscle cells

37
Q

How does lactic acid fermentation start?

A

The two pyruvate

38
Q

What is made from the two pyruvate in lactic acid fermentation?

A

Two lactate. Additionally, pyruvate can act as an electron acceptor allowing the two NADH to be oxidized to two NAD+ so glycolysis can happen again.

Honors Bio (29 decks)

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