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CNS > Understanding stroke > Flashcards

Understanding stroke Flashcards

1
Q

fast

A

face
arms
speach
time to call 999

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2
Q

what are teh 2 main cuases of stroke

A

ischemai or haemoorage

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3
Q

how long does a trasnisent ischemia attack

A

up to 24 hours but most lasts 1-60 min

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4
Q

what percent of stroeks are hameorrgic and what are ischemica

A

85% ischemic
15% haemorrhagic

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5
Q

what are teh causes of a ischmieic stroke

A

large artery atherosclerooiss - e.g. caroitid plaque
cardioembolic
small artery occulsion
undetermiend - cryptogenic
rare cuaes - such as artieral dissection, and venous singus thrombosisi

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6
Q

what are the cuases of hemorrhagic stroke

A

primary intracerebal haemoorage
secondary haemoroage as a result of - sub arachnoid haemorog, arteriavo venous malformation

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7
Q

causes of cardioembolic stroke

A

Normally afib

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8
Q

what is small artery occlusion stroke called

A

lacune

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9
Q

what are the risk facotrs that are non modifibable

A

previous stroke
age
male
family histy

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10
Q

modifiable stroke risk factors

A

cardiac rythum abnormalities
diet
exercise
weight
diabetes
taking of oestrogen
cocaine and other drugs
hypertension

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11
Q

which is the most imporatn modiflyable risk factor for stroke

A

hyperteniosn

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12
Q

what is lipohyalinoss

A

where the arties in the brain thicken reducing blood flow to the brain

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13
Q

what are the effects of lipohyalinosis

A

lacunar ischemic stroke
small vessels hemorrhages

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14
Q

what is a lacunar ishcemia stroke

A

where the small vesslesl in the brain get blocked

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15
Q

where does lipoalinoss mainly occur

A

brain stem
basal ganglia
subcortical areas

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16
Q

what cuaes incread ldl in walls of arties

A

diabetes, ciggarette stroke, and hypertension

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17
Q

main type of lipid assocaied with stokes

A

ldl

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18
Q

do antiplatel help to reduce stroke in af paitents

A

no

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19
Q

best preventaive mesure for stoke

A

anticoagants such as warfarin and doacs

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20
Q

benifits of doacs than warfin

A

reduced risk of bleeding

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21
Q

cardiac caues of stroke

A

patnet foramen ovale
recent heart attack
myxoma

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22
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

assocated with memory,voluntary eye movement, motor cortex of speech, uninary contence, emotion and personality

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23
Q

function of parital lobe

A

sensation
aware ness
spatial oriatin and visuospaial information

24
Q

function of temporal lobe

A

auditory receptive area
comprehension of speech - wernickes area
visual , auditoar and olfactor perception
learning, memeor y adn emmotion

25
Q

role of cerebellum

A

balance and corodiation

26
Q

role of brainstem

A

eye movement, breathing, swallowing and heart beat

27
Q

role of occipiatl lobe

A

visual area
visual perceptions
involunatry smooth eye movement

28
Q

what are the signs of a stroke

A

motr - clumbsy or weakness
sensory - loss of feeling
speech - dysarthria/ dysphasia
visuspaical probelms / neglect - they do not regonise one side of their body
gaze palsy

29
Q

main classifcation of strokes

A

oxford community stroke project classification

30
Q

types of strokes in ocsp

A

total anterior ciculain stroke
partial anteior circulating stroke
lacunar stroke
posterior circulating stroke

31
Q

what size of vessle and location for lacs stroke

A

small anterior vessells

32
Q

what type of vessles is assocated and pacs stroke

A

large/ partial arties, anterior area

33
Q

what area and size of vessle is tacs stroke

A

anterior and large vessles

34
Q

what type of vesssl and where is pocs

A

posterior, either large or small vessle

35
Q

how many of the symptoms of hemianopia, dyspaga or negelc are presnt in pacs

A

1

36
Q

how many of the symptoms of hemianopia, dyspaga or negelc are presnt in tacs, and which must be presnt

A

2 - 1 of whihc is hemianipia

37
Q

what is requried for pocs

A

brainstem or cerebllar signs
vertigo
double vision
dysarthrai
visual loss

38
Q

what is needed for lacs and all strokes except pocs

A

postive or negat weakness or numbess in 2/3 face and arms

39
Q

what type of strke as the hgher moratily

A

tacs

40
Q

what are differnatil diagnois for strokes

A

seizrues
syncope
sugar
sepsis - ppparticlary if they have had a stroke before
sever migrane
space occupying elsions

41
Q

main signs of fucntion anxiety disorder ofver stoke

A

clincal presnation doe not mathc with symptoms

42
Q

investigaitno for stroke

A

bloods ,- fbc glucose, lipids, esr
ct/ mri
ecg and holter
carotid and doppler ultrasound

43
Q

what are some specialti stes for stroke

A

echocardiogram
cerebral angiogram
hypercogaulable blood screen

44
Q

aim for treatmet for stroke

A

restore blood, preent mroe damage, prtoect brain tissue

45
Q

best treatemt for strokes

A

iv tissue plasminogen activator

46
Q

time tpa should be given

A

in less than 4.5 hour but quicker the better

47
Q

treatm avialbe for troeis

A

asprin, thromecotmy, iv tpa, admission to a stroke unit

48
Q

thromboenat nnt

A

3 -5

49
Q

iv tpa nnt

A

10 if less than 3 hr
20 if 3 - 4.5

50
Q

asprin less than 48 hours

A

111

51
Q

most effective tratme for avoid death in stroke

A

thrombectomy

52
Q

what is the cirtear for tpa use

A

lesss than 4.5 hours form symtoms onset
diasabling neruolgcia deficit
symtoms present for more than 60 min
consent

53
Q

what is the exclusion crieat for tpa

A

anything that will incresae the possibilty of a hearmo, such as - rectne surgy, ct scan with blood, recent episodes of bleeding, coagualtion problems

54
Q

what percent of those with tias will get a stroke iwithin 2 week

A

10%

55
Q

treatem for tia

A

antiplate, anti hyperts, stating and endartecty

56
Q

seconary present for stoeks

A

antiplates, doacs for af, lipd lwering agenes

CNS (36 decks)

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