Understanding stroke Flashcards
fast
face
arms
speach
time to call 999
what are teh 2 main cuases of stroke
ischemai or haemoorage
how long does a trasnisent ischemia attack
up to 24 hours but most lasts 1-60 min
what percent of stroeks are hameorrgic and what are ischemica
85% ischemic
15% haemorrhagic
what are teh causes of a ischmieic stroke
large artery atherosclerooiss - e.g. caroitid plaque
cardioembolic
small artery occulsion
undetermiend - cryptogenic
rare cuaes - such as artieral dissection, and venous singus thrombosisi
what are the cuases of hemorrhagic stroke
primary intracerebal haemoorage
secondary haemoroage as a result of - sub arachnoid haemorog, arteriavo venous malformation
causes of cardioembolic stroke
Normally afib
what is small artery occlusion stroke called
lacune
what are the risk facotrs that are non modifibable
previous stroke
age
male
family histy
modifiable stroke risk factors
cardiac rythum abnormalities
diet
exercise
weight
diabetes
taking of oestrogen
cocaine and other drugs
hypertension
which is the most imporatn modiflyable risk factor for stroke
hyperteniosn
what is lipohyalinoss
where the arties in the brain thicken reducing blood flow to the brain
what are the effects of lipohyalinosis
lacunar ischemic stroke
small vessels hemorrhages
what is a lacunar ishcemia stroke
where the small vesslesl in the brain get blocked
where does lipoalinoss mainly occur
brain stem
basal ganglia
subcortical areas
what cuaes incread ldl in walls of arties
diabetes, ciggarette stroke, and hypertension
main type of lipid assocaied with stokes
ldl
do antiplatel help to reduce stroke in af paitents
no
best preventaive mesure for stoke
anticoagants such as warfarin and doacs
benifits of doacs than warfin
reduced risk of bleeding
cardiac caues of stroke
patnet foramen ovale
recent heart attack
myxoma
function of frontal lobe
assocated with memory,voluntary eye movement, motor cortex of speech, uninary contence, emotion and personality
function of parital lobe
sensation
aware ness
spatial oriatin and visuospaial information
function of temporal lobe
auditory receptive area
comprehension of speech - wernickes area
visual , auditoar and olfactor perception
learning, memeor y adn emmotion
role of cerebellum
balance and corodiation
role of brainstem
eye movement, breathing, swallowing and heart beat
role of occipiatl lobe
visual area
visual perceptions
involunatry smooth eye movement
what are the signs of a stroke
motr - clumbsy or weakness
sensory - loss of feeling
speech - dysarthria/ dysphasia
visuspaical probelms / neglect - they do not regonise one side of their body
gaze palsy
main classifcation of strokes
oxford community stroke project classification
types of strokes in ocsp
total anterior ciculain stroke
partial anteior circulating stroke
lacunar stroke
posterior circulating stroke
what size of vessle and location for lacs stroke
small anterior vessells
what type of vessles is assocated and pacs stroke
large/ partial arties, anterior area
what area and size of vessle is tacs stroke
anterior and large vessles
what type of vesssl and where is pocs
posterior, either large or small vessle
how many of the symptoms of hemianopia, dyspaga or negelc are presnt in pacs
1
how many of the symptoms of hemianopia, dyspaga or negelc are presnt in tacs, and which must be presnt
2 - 1 of whihc is hemianipia
what is requried for pocs
brainstem or cerebllar signs
vertigo
double vision
dysarthrai
visual loss
what is needed for lacs and all strokes except pocs
postive or negat weakness or numbess in 2/3 face and arms
what type of strke as the hgher moratily
tacs
what are differnatil diagnois for strokes
seizrues
syncope
sugar
sepsis - ppparticlary if they have had a stroke before
sever migrane
space occupying elsions
main signs of fucntion anxiety disorder ofver stoke
clincal presnation doe not mathc with symptoms
investigaitno for stroke
bloods ,- fbc glucose, lipids, esr
ct/ mri
ecg and holter
carotid and doppler ultrasound
what are some specialti stes for stroke
echocardiogram
cerebral angiogram
hypercogaulable blood screen
aim for treatmet for stroke
restore blood, preent mroe damage, prtoect brain tissue
best treatemt for strokes
iv tissue plasminogen activator
time tpa should be given
in less than 4.5 hour but quicker the better
treatm avialbe for troeis
asprin, thromecotmy, iv tpa, admission to a stroke unit
thromboenat nnt
3 -5
iv tpa nnt
10 if less than 3 hr
20 if 3 - 4.5
asprin less than 48 hours
111
most effective tratme for avoid death in stroke
thrombectomy
what is the cirtear for tpa use
lesss than 4.5 hours form symtoms onset
diasabling neruolgcia deficit
symtoms present for more than 60 min
consent
what is the exclusion crieat for tpa
anything that will incresae the possibilty of a hearmo, such as - rectne surgy, ct scan with blood, recent episodes of bleeding, coagualtion problems
what percent of those with tias will get a stroke iwithin 2 week
10%
treatem for tia
antiplate, anti hyperts, stating and endartecty
seconary present for stoeks
antiplates, doacs for af, lipd lwering agenes
