Anatomy and phsyiology of the eye

Question 1

what is the outer most larer of the cornea

Answer 1

epeithulium , startified sqaumous non keratinised

Question 2

what is the bowmans membrane

Answer 2

basement membrane of corneal epithleium

Question 3

what is the stroma

Answer 3

regularaly arrancged layer of caolane, making up the vast part of the layers of the cornea, and lies between desmets layer and bowmans memnare, it has no blood vessles

Question 4

what is the descements layer

Answer 4

layer betwen stomat and endothelium, it acts as basement memabren of corneal endothelium

Question 5

endothelium is how thick

Answer 5

2500 cells/ mm

Question 6

what factors help the cornea keep it transpartn

Answer 6

regualr arrangement of collagne in stoma
no blood vesles
endothelium cell layer puamp that actively kieep s the aqueous humour out

Question 7

what happens to the corena when it heals

Answer 7

it loses tranparicely

Question 8

what happens when the endothelal cells are lost in regards to aqueous houmr

Answer 8

aqueous humor migrates into hte eye, leading to opacifictaoitn

Question 9

what is the benifit of he avasculatarity of the cornea

Answer 9

less change of foreign antignes from corena graft beign reconised by the recipient so lesser chanv of graft rejection

Question 10

what is the trabelcular meshowrk role

Answer 10

it conencts hse aqoues humor fo teh antioer chamber to the blood vesles to drain it

Question 11

what is the schlemms cannal

Answer 11

connects trabelcular meshwork to the systemic circulation

Question 12

what is the basememta laery of th retina

Answer 12

pigment epithlea layer

Question 13

what vasual laer is at the base of the reitain

Answer 13

choroid

Question 14

what type of blood vesles is int eh choroid

Answer 14

fenestared blood vessles with varying diameter

Question 15

what is the second most deep layer of te retina

Answer 15

layer of rods and cones

Question 16

what is rods fucntion

Answer 16

to use low light setitng, they are not very good at detail

Question 17

what is cones role

Answer 17

high detail and light absopion

Question 18

what are hte 2 layers of optic cup

Answer 18

the pigmnenat layer and eptherying else in the retian

Question 19

what ishte nerve fiber layer

Answer 19

a gianlc cell laeyr in moust outer layer of retina

Question 20

what is the fovela centalis

Answer 20

a dimple wher there is reduce layers in the eye, and a higher rconetaion of cones

Question 21

type of cell that lines cones or rods

Answer 21

muller cell

Question 22

tube that ocnencts coens and rods to the optic nerve

Answer 22

axon

Question 23

what is the medical conditions where the lens becomes opacaque

Answer 23

cataracts

Question 24

how many layers are there to the tear film

Answer 24

3

Question 25

what are the 3 layers to the tear film

Answer 25

outermost - oilly laeyr middle - aqeous layer (65% of it) inner - mucinous layer (30%)

Question 26

what is the function of the tear film

Answer 26

keeps corena moist washes awway particualr and foreign bodies antibiotics to kill micobes has a smooth outer surface for refraction

Question 27

what is the nerve supply ofhte tear secretion of tears

Answer 27

facial nerve - 7

Question 28

whihc part of hte eyelid distibutes tears evenly

Answer 28

lower part of upper eyelid with shap edge

Question 29

what causes the tear film to break up

Answer 29

when the qoues layer evapres and the oily and mucin layers touch

Question 30

time betwen blinking and tear film breaking up

Answer 30

4 seconds

Question 31

time betwen blinks

Answer 31

7 seconds

Question 32

cause of blinks

Answer 32

occular disfoncfort form tear duct braking up