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CNS > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

types of syncope

A

reflex
orthostaic
cardiogenic

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2
Q

reflex synpe

A

due to cough
or meidcal situation such as taking blood

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3
Q

orthostatic syncope

A

due to dehydraiont, medicaito related
endocrine, autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

cardiogenic related syncope

A

arrhythrmia, aortic stenosis

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5
Q

why can syncope look like a seizure

A

as there can be jerks

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6
Q

what assemsnt shoul dbe done for syncpe

A

heart souns, pulse
postula bp, ecg for heart block adn qt ratio
bloods
24 hour ecg may be needed

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7
Q

what are after a cardiogne syncpe

A

chest pai, palpitations, sob, thye feel clammy and seaty

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8
Q

epilepsy

A

recurrent unprovoked seizures

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9
Q

cardiac cuase of syncpe

A

Arrhythmias
Valvular heart disease
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

signs of syncpe

A

Hot or clammy
Sweaty
Heavy
Dizzy or lightheaded
Vision going blurry or dark
Headache

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11
Q

pathophysiology of epilepsy

A

syncrondous disrcharge in the cortical neurons

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12
Q

what happesns if ther is to much excitement in epilepsy

A

this happens as a reuslt of glutamate recptors
and ion channels across it
with exiteror amino acids release

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13
Q

what stucure is responsible for too little inhibition in epilepsy

A

gaba

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14
Q

what are the types of things that can cause damage neruons leading to epilepsy

A

stroke/ tumour/ trama

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15
Q

what factors can make seizures more likel

A

missing medications
sleep distubances
fatique
hormonal changes
drug/ alchol use
stress / anxiety
photosensitive in small groups of patients

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16
Q

what are the the types of sezireuse

A

generaliezed or focal seizures

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17
Q

what are the types of pimary genilaed seizuers

A

absence seizue
generalised tonic clonic seizures
myoclonic seizures
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
atonic seizures

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18
Q

what happens in the first stage of a tonic clinic seizure

A

All the muscles stiffen.
Air being forced past the vocal cords causes a cry or groan.
The person loses consciousness and falls to the floor.
A person may bite their tongue or inside of their cheek. If this happens, saliva may look a bit bloody.

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19
Q

second stage of a tonic clonic seizure

A

The arms and usually the legs begin to jerk rapidly and rhythmically, bending and relaxing at the elbows, hips, and knees.
After a few minutes, the jerking slows and stops.

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20
Q

when to go to hospital for seizures

A

first one
if seizure lasts more than 5 min
if more than 3 seizures in a row without the person coming round

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21
Q

what are myotonic seizures

A

breif jerking of a musles in the hand or legs

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22
Q

what is juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

genetic assoicated khave mulitple myochonc jerks

23
Q

what are atomic seizures

A

sudden loss of musle control and temporly los of conciousness

24
Q

types of focal seizures

A

focla seizures with retained awareness, losss of awareness, focal seizrues to bilater ocnsulve seizures - this is secondary general , localisation of onset seizures

25
Q

what are some key chartericses of primary generalised seizuers

A

have no warning prior to onset
the person may have a history of absence or myolocic jerks
there is a generalised abnormality on eegs
may have a family histy

26
Q

what are some symtoms after a geneerlaisd tonic seizuers

A

lateal tonge bites
irratibly afterwords
may hae had a vague warning
muscle pain
may first remember where they are when they are in the ambulance

27
Q

causes of toniccolic seizures

A

meningitis, complications at birth, feb convultion, trauma, brain injuries

28
Q

what happens to eyes during tonic clonic seizures

A

staring/ roll back

29
Q

what are the general things in a focal/ partial seizure

A

may get aura
they can happen at any age
can lead to a secondary generalised seizure
may be a focal abnormality on the eeg
MRI may show the cuase

30
Q

what is a temporal lobe seizure

A

a focal sezirue with loss of awarnes

31
Q

what often precedes a temporal lobe seizure

A

a rising feeling in stomach
funny smell / taste
deja vu

32
Q

what is seen for a winess fo a tmperal siezures

A

arrests in actiivty
stares blankley into space
lip smacking
repetive picking at clothes

33
Q

what is a frontal lobe seizure

A

a focal seziures

34
Q

what do witnesses see in frontal lobe seizures

A

the person is alert, with facial/ limb jerking

35
Q

when do frontal lobe seizures normally occur

A

nocturnally

36
Q

how long do fronal lobe seizure last

A

about 30 s

37
Q

what is the clincal assesment for a seizure

A

ecg, bloods and ct and mri maybere for nero glicn
also eeg

38
Q

how long are epilepts preventsed from driving

A

6 - months is just 1 seizure
12 months if they are diagnosed with epilepsy

39
Q

what speciale investgion for seizures

A

video telemetry - if uncertain about diagnoiss
eeg
mri

40
Q

first line tremat for epilepsy that last more than 5 min

A

lorazepan, midaloam

41
Q

second line treatme for status elipeicus - seizrues that last more than 5 min

A

valproate, levetiracetam, phenytoin

42
Q

first line treatemet for piramy genalsisd sizures

A

sodium valproate, levetiracetam, lamotrigine

43
Q

first line treatemt for focal seizures

A

lamotrigine, cabamazepine, leeticamet,

44
Q

side effects of sodum valproate

A

tremor, weight gain, ataxia, nausea, drowesies, hepatisi, bone marrow sprpesion, drug induced parkinsons

45
Q

side effects for carbamezpine

A

ataxia, drowsinses, nystagmsu, blurred vision, low serum sodium lelves, skin rash

46
Q

side effects of levetiracetam

A

irratibilty, depression

47
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

prolonged seizures that last 10 min or more with no recovery period between seizures

48
Q

where does status epilepsy norlly occr in

A

those people who have not had epilepsy before

49
Q

treatmet for statu epilpes

A

protect air way and give 10% glucose via iv, and then lorapan
if failure - iv levetriacetam or iv valproate

50
Q

what difertns pseudoseures and seizues

A

they can recall waht happens udring event and what people siad

51
Q

what do witnes see in spudeo seiur

A

pelviec thrus, astycogous movemts such as tremoturs

52
Q

what is best tests or pseudoseizuer

A

eeg

53
Q
A

CNS (27 decks)

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