Sleep Flashcards
what is sleep
state of unconcsciousness form which an induval can be aroused by normal stimuli such as light, tough, sound etc.
what is coma
state of unconsciousness from which an indivual cannot be around and does not respond to stimuli
what is the mssing sleep effect
impaired cognative fuciton
impairment of physical performance
sluggishness
irritability
what does sleep support
nueroplasity - how easily we learn
learning and memory
cognition
clearance of waste products from the cns
conservation of whole body energy, (apart from in cns where it increase)
immune fucntion
where does sleep active initaion process originate from
pons
what part of the brain stem is associated with concious
reticula formation
where does the reticular formation send information to
thalamus and hgierh corital sentors
what are the name of centor that balance being awake and asleep
arousal and sleep centers
what molecules are contributory to sleep
delta - sleep inducign peptides
adenosine
melatoin
serotin
what part of the hypothalmus is involved in sleep
suprachiasmic nuclei (scn)
where is melatoin relased from
pineal gland
what does hte scn cuase to be rlaed
melatonin
what type of rymum does scn control
24 hr cicadian rhythm
effect of darkness on melaton
removes inhibiton of its relases so levels rise
what is orexin
an exitory neurotranmitor needed for wakefullness
when are orexin neruon active
during wake state and stop firing during sleep
what is the effect of defective orexin singalling
narcoplepsy
what is serotin link to melatoin
it is a precurses to melatoin , thus increas ammount of it increase ammout of melatoin
what are ssi
`serotoinin selective reuptake inhirots, these treat depression by increase amount of serotion avialbel
what is a higher frequcy assoicated iwth in brain wave
the higher the frequcy the more awake is a person is
what is an exptremy high freqyc of nuroam wagv
seizure
what is a very low frequcy asoicen with in brainwwv
anaetheisa
what is the 4 typs of wave patterns in sleep
alpha, beta, theta, delta
what is alpha assoicaed with
relaxed awake state,
what is the type of wave like in alpha
high frequency medium ampplitude
what is the type of awakenes in beta
aleet awake state,
what type of waves is associated with beat
very high frequency and low amplitude
what is theta associated with
early sleep, low frequency waves which can vary enormously in amplitude
what is delta associated with
deep sleep,
what type of waves seen in delta
low freqyc but hgih amplitude
how does eeg chagne with eyes shut
when eyes close, freqyc redues but amplidue increase
why is the amplitude in a high latern state lower than a relxte state
as there is ltos of things going on ni a high alter state, cerin waveleng cancer out other one, making itlook like it is lower freqeucny
what is stage 1 of the sleep cycle
slow wav,non reme lseep, veyr slow eye moements, easlty arrouse,
low freequeyc theta waves - with high amplitude
what is stage 2 sleep cycle
no eye movements
frequncy slows more htan 1
sleep spindles present, of rapid wave births
what is stage 3 on a sleep cyle
high amplide , very slow delta waves with short epieso of faster waves, less spinal fiber activity
what is stadge 4 on a slee cyle
only delta waves
what stages are deep sleep
3 and 4
can you go back to stage 1
no , only 2,3,4 and rem in sleep, as 1 is only present when falling alsep for first time
what is rem
rapid eye movemen, wher there is low amplie , high frequency
when does deep sleep normally occur
first horus of sleep
what happens in hippocampus in deep sleep
it is very active, this is associae with creation of new memories
how long does rem las
5 - 30 min every 90 minetes
when do drems most commonly occur
in rem sleep
subnificatin of rem sleep
new nerual connection are being made, leaing to dreams
why does only eye moemnet occur in rem and not other mules
pons inhibtos other mules, ot prevent acting out in drems
what type of pathway re in the reticualr formation for rem sleep
cholinergic pathways
what is the benfit of anticholinesteras
increase time in rem
what does rem sleep look llike on an eeg
beta waves
what happesn to sleep hours as you get older
reduce, due ot other comorides
what hapesn to the rem and n rem sleep as you age
gneerally reude over time
what are the types of insomia
chornic (primary) and temproy (secondary)
what is chroic inomia
priary insomia - no identifly able cause
what is temporatlry insopia
due to pain, berevaerment or cireis
when do night mares occur
rem sleep
when do night terrors occur
delta sleep
can you rmemebr night terrors
no
name for sleep walking
somnambulism
when does somnambulim occur
non rem sleep, normally stage 4
narcopley
entering into rem sleep with little warning
