Muscle and nerve disease

Question 1

waht are the common presentation of a muscle disease

Answer 1

weakness of skeletal muslces
cardiac symtoms including cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias
cramps and muscles pain
myoglobinuria - muscle break down which is seen as a dark urine
in children flopp/ poor suck/ feeding and failure to thrive

Question 2

what are the common signs of muscle disease

Answer 2

muscle atrophy
hypertrophy
weakness

Question 3

what are the investigations for muslce disease

Answer 3

bloods - mainly creatine kinase
electromyography
muscle biopsy -
electromyography
genetic testing

Question 4

causes of muscle disease genetic

Answer 4

contractile - congential myopathies
structural - muslcar dystropies
coupling - channelopathies
energy - metabolic myopathies

Question 5

what are the aquired types of msuclar disse

Answer 5

electroyle disturbace
endocrine - including thyroid, adrenal vit d
autoimmune - inflmatiory muscle disease
latrogenic - medication

Question 6

what is the presentation of infmatlor muscle disease

Answer 6

painflud muscles
rash

Question 7

causes of inlmtaory msules deiase

Answer 7

tumours - which can be too small to see
autoimmue

Question 8

what is the presnation of myatheisa gravis

Answer 8

ptosis of eyes
dysfuciton of muslces of the eyes leading to diplopia

Question 9

what are the generalised signs of myasthenia gravis

Answer 9

limbs, bulbar - including chewing swallow and talk
breathign

Question 10

investigationf for myasthenia gravis

Answer 10

ach receptor or anti musksk antiboides
neurophysiology
ct chest

Question 11

treatment for myasthenia grais

Answer 11

cholinesterase inhibotrs - preveing break down of acethy chokle, meing more can bind to the junction, being contiaon are more likely
disease modithiying - immuoglobulin/ plasma exchange, steroids, steroid sparing immunosupression, thymectomy

Question 12

phsolgy of mylathies

Answer 12

autoimmune condtion that cuase the blockage of the achetly recpotrs, prevign muscle contraction

Question 13

what are the cuaes of peripharl nerve diseaes

Answer 13

A – Alcohol
B – B12 deficiency
C – Cancer (e.g., myeloma) and Chronic kidney disease
D – Diabetes and Drugs (e.g., isoniazid, amiodarone, leflunomide and cisplatin)
E – Every vasculitis
I - infectious - lyme hiv and lepropy or inflamtory- autoimmune

Root disease
lesion on an induclat neruosn
genralied periopahgy neruothy

Question 14

automine types of peroy neruophy

Answer 14

gulillan bare syndome
chonci inflmatory demylating polyneuropny

Question 15

symptoms of peripla nerve diseas

Answer 15

sensory - loss of sensation, abnomal sension, pain
motor - muscle wasting/ thining, weakness
autonomic - skin changes, blood press, bowl and bladder issues

Question 16

sings of peripheral nerve disease

Answer 16

sensory
motor - lower motor neruon
distriubution - root, single nerve, generlised nerve - distal first

Question 17

investigations for periphal nerve diese

Answer 17

blood tests
nerve conducion studies
lumbar puncture
nerve biopsy
genetic anyalis

Question 18

treatmetn fo rperial nerve disese

Answer 18

stop drugs, surgy, treat cancer, immunoglobulins

Question 19

symtoms of upper motor neuron disease

Answer 19

spacisity, brikk reflexs and externos plantors

Question 20

symtons of lower motr nros diseas

Answer 20

muslse fascicuation, wsatin and weakenss

Question 21

what is hte prognoties of motor neruo disease

Answer 21

poor - most poele are dead with 3 - 5 years of symtomps

Question 22

diagnoiss of motor neuron disase

Answer 22

electromyography - shows widepread denervation
has combiton of umn an dlmn signs

Question 23

treatment for motr neuron disase

Answer 23

supportie, physo adn peg feeding
riluzole- glutamate antagoins
Benzodiazepines - for breathless and anxiety

Question 24

myleapathy

Answer 24

spinal cord injury - leading to certian signs

Question 25

radiculopaty

Answer 25

damage to the nerve routes of the spinal cord where they leave

Question 26

what is guliane barre sydnoem

Answer 26

where b cells attack protiens on the mylein sheath leading to damage of the nerve

Question 27

how long doe guliant are sndoem las

Answer 27

a few months then there is recovery

Question 28

signs of guliante barre syndoem

Answer 28

reduced reflexes
ascending weakness

Question 29

diagnosis for guillane barre sydrome

Answer 29

lumbar punctyre and nerve conduction studies

Question 30

management of guillane barrre sydndrome

Answer 30

upportive care
VTE prophylaxis (pulmonary embolism is a leading cause of death)
IV immunoglobulins (IVIG) first-line
Plasmapheresis is an alternative to IVIG