Degenerative disease of the central nervous system Flashcards
what is the requirments for dementia
progressive, multiple domains of cogntiv fuction
loss of acquired skills and interference in occupation and society
what are the main types of late onset dementia - 65years plus
alzheimers - 55%
vascular - 20%
lewy body - 20%
other - 5%
what are the main signs of young onset demitia
alzheimers - 33%
vascular - 15%
frontotemporal - 15%
other - 33%
uncommon cuaes of demita
toxic - alchol
genetic - huntingtons
infection - hiv, cjd
inflammatory - ms
what are some treatable causes of dementia
b12 deficenties
endocrein - thryoid disease
infective - hiv syphilliis
tumour
hydrocephalus - is normal pressure
psedudodementia
main examinato for demai
cogative, neuroglica, vasucalr
infestaigaion for demetnai
ct, bloods, mri
csf, eeg, geetics
what screening tools can be used for dementai
mini mental
montreal
what are the ementail domians of dementia
memory, attention, languate, vistuospian, behvoru, emiotial ,e exentuive fucnit, apraxia, agnosias
main cluses in tup eof demtain of speed
speed fast ,- cjd
stepwize progseion - vasualr
what would you suspect if there is abnormal movemtn in demiea
huntiongtons
alzheimers is invovle dn what pathology
b amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
risk factor for alzheimers
genetic and enviromental
genees assoicated with alzymers
apoe, app, psen1, psen2
what are the clincal signs of dementia
memory distubances
languae and visuospacial problems
persoanly preserved until later
what are the patholgoy associated with frontal temporal dementia
tau - protein
how to detect tau protiens
in csf
what is the changes seen in frontalotempral dementai
dysphagia, memory changes, eating habits change,
good visospacl / memory, until later
what is the signs seen in dematia with lewy bodies
visulospatial and executive funciton decline
prominetn fluctuation
parkionsn and visual hallionsums
what are lewy bodies made up of
a synuclein - these produce dopamine
pharamlocil treatemtn for dementia
insomia treatment
behvioru - with antipycotiscs
depression
what are the specific treatments for alzymers
cholinesterase inhibtor
- donepezil , rivastmien, galatamine
nmda angagoinss , mematine
treatment for frontal temproal or vasuclar dementa
no
what is requried for diganosis of parkingons
bradykinseas, rigidity, tremour, postural instabily - unsteadiness/ falls
what are the main cuase of parkinos patholgy
dompaine loss
lewys bodies
cuaes of parkinosn
drug induced - dopammine antagoins
idopathic
vascualr
parkinsons plus
what are parkinsons plus syndomes
parkions with muliple system - demtia or yee problems
atropy or progesive suprnucler palsy - dyspahga , vision, palsy
genes that are risk factor for parkons
lrrk2, parkin, gba
when does tremor occur in parkinons
when the perons is at rest, ie not when arms are up
what are the non motor signs of parkisinson
rem sleep behaviour disorder
autonomic dysfuciotn - urinary , bowel, sexual
neuropatic - hallucination , cogantive
depression, fatique pain
what it the first nucleur effectd by parkins
putamen
second nuclur effected by parkions
caudate
treatmen for parkinson
levodopa
comt inhitors
Dopamine agonists
Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors
what is levodopa compined with
periphal decarboxylase ihitor to stop it being metabolised before reaching the rbain
exmaples of periphalr decarboxylase inhibotr
carbidopa dn benserazide
what is the sid eeffect of levodpa
dyskinase - exxcessive motr movemtns
what are comt inhitors
They prent comt from metabolise levodopa in the body and the brian
role of dopamine atnagoists
mimic dopaine adn stimaaltes domapine recpotrs
downs side of dopamine agonsi
pulmonary firbosis
examples of dopamine agonsi
bromocriptine, pergolide, cabergoline
role of monoamine oxidase-B inhtor
block monoamine oxidase-B enzymes increasing circulating dopaimne
examplesof monoamine oxidase b inhitors
selegilrine
rasagiline
later complicaitn of parkins
hallunciation, impulse contorl
balance issues
demia - 50% after 10 years
gait freezing
swallowing issues
neurosugy fo rpaksinon
deep brain stimulation
