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CNS > MS > Flashcards

MS Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the spine does ms effect

A

white mater

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2
Q

how does ms effect the spie

A

caues demylation and inflatom of the spine

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3
Q

course of ms disesease

A

it is remitiing disease, ie gets worse then better gradually

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4
Q

how preveanlt is ms

A

1 in 300 people

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5
Q

where is ms found more

A

it is more prevalent the further north you go

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6
Q

which gender does ms mainly effect

A

females

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7
Q

what viurs may ms be associated with

A

epstein barr viurs

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8
Q

common problems in ms relapse

A

optic neurtisi - inflamtion of optic nerve
sensory smpons
brian stem - diplopia (double vision), vertiog
spinal cord – bilatler motor symptons#
bladder inovmvetn

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9
Q

signs of optic enuritsi

A

vision loss
pain in movnig eye
colour vision impaired
resolves within weeks or months
swelling of the optic disc
cuaes pupill defect

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10
Q

what is relative affernt pupillary defect

A

where wehn a tourch is shined on a pupil it will cause it not to constrict due to damage to optic nerve, when shine on other pupil both pupils will constic

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11
Q

which part of the brain is internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with

A

pons

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12
Q

what is sigs of internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

diffucily moving both eyes horizonally at the same time
one eye will have nystagmus towards the lateral aspect and the other eye will not move

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13
Q

effect of spinal cord lesion in ms

A

cuase band of hyperaesthis or numbes in the area
can cause bladder or bowel problems

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14
Q

what type of cell is responsibel for demylination

A

activated t cells crossing the bbb

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15
Q

what is required for an ms diagnosis

A

multople esposes of demaites, happening in differnt areas over a period of tiem

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16
Q

what hormone may be linked ot ms in women

A

oestrogen

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17
Q

what is a characties loss that shows progression of the disase

A

loss of the axons

18
Q

what is the progressive stage in ms

A

accumation and symtons such as furher fatique, pins and eends, stiffnes, balance and slurrend speahc, bladder probesl e.ct

19
Q

what to do in ms exam

A

pupillary defects
nystagusms or absomaly eye movements
cerebellar signs such as atraxia
weakness
spasticicyt
hyperreflexia
plantar extensor

20
Q

what are the type sof ms

A

relapsing / remitting 85%
seconary progressive
primary pregssid 10%

21
Q

what is primary progessve

A

where there is none of the relaping and remitting and it is just a deterning in ms, and cause spinal and vbldder problems
deteriatin is at a constant rate

22
Q

what is seconary progessive

A

there at first is erapinga nd remiting, then it has a general deteriating of ms that that does improve

23
Q

criteerai for mri ms diaganso

A

mcdonalds criteria

24
Q

clincial criterai for ms diagnossi

A

posers criteri - mianly 2 realpse in different area so cns months or years apart

25
Q

what should show in a lumar punctre for ms

A

normal csf glucose and protin
few whiet cells
ooligocloant band that are just in the csf but not the serum - indicates inflation of just the spinal cord and notwerhe else

26
Q

oligoclonat bands

A

indicate inflmaton inthe csf

27
Q

differneatl diagnos sof ms inchial

A

acute disseminated encephalomylitis - after viral ollenss

28
Q

differnetail diagnois of ms in adults

A

sarcoidosis
vasculitis
lyme disease
tb

29
Q

investiags for ms

A

lumbar punctues
blood test for autoantimary screen, virolgy, b12
chest x-ray to rule out tb and sarcoidosis

30
Q

treatemtent of acute relaspe in ms

A

oral prednisoloen - for 3 days with gastic protection

31
Q

what are treatement for spacity in ms

A

muslce realaxsi and antispasmotics

32
Q

treatment for dysaethesia

A

amitriptyline, gabapentin

33
Q

treatment for over active unary symosn

A

anticholineragic rx

34
Q

treatemt for underative urarl fuction

A

bladder stimualtion, seelf catheretiesation

35
Q

other problesm as a result of cs

A

depression
fatique
tremtors
viiosn - particuerl oscilliopisa
speech
motor and sernory impariemtn

36
Q

treatemtn for oscillopsia

A

carbamazepine

37
Q

fist line disease modify

A

oral - teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate
sc/ im infeciton - beta interferons, glatiramer aceetaet

38
Q

second line disease modifiying

A

tablets - fingolimod/ ozanimod/ posenimod, cldridine
sc injections/ iv infusions - natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, alemtuzumub
stem cell treatemn

39
Q

main priiamry and seconary dmt for ms

A

primar - ms ocrelizumab
secondary - ms - siponimod

40
Q

can immouspueeoisn be usecd

A

yes

41
Q

downsie of immuo suppersion

A

has risk o prgessive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

42
Q
A

CNS (36 decks)

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