MS Flashcards
what part of the spine does ms effect
white mater
how does ms effect the spie
caues demylation and inflatom of the spine
course of ms disesease
it is remitiing disease, ie gets worse then better gradually
how preveanlt is ms
1 in 300 people
where is ms found more
it is more prevalent the further north you go
which gender does ms mainly effect
females
what viurs may ms be associated with
epstein barr viurs
common problems in ms relapse
optic neurtisi - inflamtion of optic nerve
sensory smpons
brian stem - diplopia (double vision), vertiog
spinal cord – bilatler motor symptons#
bladder inovmvetn
signs of optic enuritsi
vision loss
pain in movnig eye
colour vision impaired
resolves within weeks or months
swelling of the optic disc
cuaes pupill defect
what is relative affernt pupillary defect
where wehn a tourch is shined on a pupil it will cause it not to constrict due to damage to optic nerve, when shine on other pupil both pupils will constic
which part of the brain is internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with
pons
what is sigs of internuclear ophthalmoplegia
diffucily moving both eyes horizonally at the same time
one eye will have nystagmus towards the lateral aspect and the other eye will not move
effect of spinal cord lesion in ms
cuase band of hyperaesthis or numbes in the area
can cause bladder or bowel problems
what type of cell is responsibel for demylination
activated t cells crossing the bbb
what is required for an ms diagnosis
multople esposes of demaites, happening in differnt areas over a period of tiem
what hormone may be linked ot ms in women
oestrogen
what is a characties loss that shows progression of the disase
loss of the axons
what is the progressive stage in ms
accumation and symtons such as furher fatique, pins and eends, stiffnes, balance and slurrend speahc, bladder probesl e.ct
what to do in ms exam
pupillary defects
nystagusms or absomaly eye movements
cerebellar signs such as atraxia
weakness
spasticicyt
hyperreflexia
plantar extensor
what are the type sof ms
relapsing / remitting 85%
seconary progressive
primary pregssid 10%
what is primary progessve
where there is none of the relaping and remitting and it is just a deterning in ms, and cause spinal and vbldder problems
deteriatin is at a constant rate
what is seconary progessive
there at first is erapinga nd remiting, then it has a general deteriating of ms that that does improve
criteerai for mri ms diaganso
mcdonalds criteria
clincial criterai for ms diagnossi
posers criteri - mianly 2 realpse in different area so cns months or years apart
what should show in a lumar punctre for ms
normal csf glucose and protin
few whiet cells
ooligocloant band that are just in the csf but not the serum - indicates inflation of just the spinal cord and notwerhe else
oligoclonat bands
indicate inflmaton inthe csf
differneatl diagnos sof ms inchial
acute disseminated encephalomylitis - after viral ollenss
differnetail diagnois of ms in adults
sarcoidosis
vasculitis
lyme disease
tb
investiags for ms
lumbar punctues
blood test for autoantimary screen, virolgy, b12
chest x-ray to rule out tb and sarcoidosis
treatemtent of acute relaspe in ms
oral prednisoloen - for 3 days with gastic protection
what are treatement for spacity in ms
muslce realaxsi and antispasmotics
treatment for dysaethesia
amitriptyline, gabapentin
treatment for over active unary symosn
anticholineragic rx
treatemt for underative urarl fuction
bladder stimualtion, seelf catheretiesation
other problesm as a result of cs
depression
fatique
tremtors
viiosn - particuerl oscilliopisa
speech
motor and sernory impariemtn
treatemtn for oscillopsia
carbamazepine
fist line disease modify
oral - teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate
sc/ im infeciton - beta interferons, glatiramer aceetaet
second line disease modifiying
tablets - fingolimod/ ozanimod/ posenimod, cldridine
sc injections/ iv infusions - natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, alemtuzumub
stem cell treatemn
main priiamry and seconary dmt for ms
primar - ms ocrelizumab
secondary - ms - siponimod
can immouspueeoisn be usecd
yes
downsie of immuo suppersion
has risk o prgessive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
