opthalamolgy Flashcards
what to ask about in history in regards to presenting complaint
presenting complaint
- chagne in vision
redness
pain
discharge
double vision
change in the appearance of the eye
what to ask in hsitory of presenign compian
time of onsent
uni latearl/ bilater
releiving factors
permenat/ transient
what facotrs are associaten in past medical history with eye conditions
cvs such as ishcmeia optic neuropais
rental vien occulation
nerve plasis
ecemze/ astham / hay fever
joints - ankylosis spondylitis, rhumatoid artiers - uveitis , scleiris, episclitis
drugs which can effect eye
anticoagualn
ethambutol (anti tb) and chloroquuine(anti malaarial
tamsulosin (for enlaged prostate) - intraoparte flooppy isris syndrome
what are the visual assesmmens charts for adults name
snells cahart
what is the numarot and denominator for snells chart
numarot - disatnce, denomiantr norma eye can see at
what tests would be done if the patient canon see viaul chart
count fingers
hand movemnet
perception of light
what are the visual assesments for babies
preferntail looking, ie look to more exiting side of chart
visual assesment for toddlers
matchign kay pictures
what is the visual asses ing for older childen
naming kay picures of snellen chrt
what should be done in examination of face
look for facial symetry
look for rashes such as hzo
look for lid pision abdnomalies
what are you looking for inspecito of the eye
proptois, globe postion abnomalies , enopthalmos (eye shirinking into sockets)
symetry of pupils
lumps, bumps, rednes nd dischage
what is the purpose of slit lamp
gives 3d vision
allows operator to look to the back of the eye
what is a funospy
scope to look at the eye with
where does the acute red eye occur
in the anterior segment
what infection cna be done for looing for defects on cornea
fluorescein - whihc shows epital defects - you use green fluoresecion and blue light
treatment for infective conjuctivits
topical antibitoics
sympons of infective conjunctivitis
gritty red eyes, dishcage whihc is pulenr an watery
most common bacteria in infective conjucitiis
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae
what is a subconjucila heaorm
bleeidng behind conjucntive
symotons of subconjuval hameorage
red and painless
treatment for subconjunctiival hemaoage
reassuracne
singis of allergici conjucitiges
ithcy nes
red
dishcare
acute
lid swling
conjunctival sweling
treatment fo allergic conjunctivitis
topical antihistamines
avoid allergen
mast cell stabilisers
exmapels of mast cell stabiliser
sodium chromoglycate
exmanle of topical antihsiamen
olopatadine
signs of a coneal ulcer
pain
redness
photophabia
dischage
hisotry of contact lens where
conral defect with surrouidn inflaitare
treatment for corneal ulcer
corenal scape
topical antibitoics
tropical antiboic examples
chloroamhenoicle and fucii acid
signs of corenal abraion
pain
red
wattiern
history of trauam
bluren vison
epithal defection
treatmane for cornal abraion is same as what
ulcer - topcial antiboic and analgesia
what is acute anteiro uvelitis
inflammation of iris and ciliary body
what is the signs and sympons of acute anterior uvulais
Pain
Watering
Photophobia
+/-Blurred vision/floaters
Possible previous episode
Red (circumcorneal injection)
Keratic precipitates
Cells in anterior chamber
Hypopyon
Small irregular pupil (posterior
synaechiae)
what is the treatm for anterior uveltis
Topical steroids
(Prednisolone 1% hourly)
Dilating drops
(Cyclopentolate 1% 3 times daily
what are teh signs and symptons of scleritis
Pain++
Redness (deep scleral vessels)
Nodule (does not move over sclera)
Tender++
treatment for sclerits
systmatic steroidsq
signs of acute angle closure glacuoma
Pain++
Redness
Blurred vision
Nausea & vomiting
Hazy cornea
Fixed mid dilated pupil
Hard eyeball
treatment for acute angle closure glacuaom
Lower intraocular pressure
(carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,
beta blockers, prostaglandins)
Constrict pupil (pilocarpine)
Laser iridotomy
what is aorbnial celluris
infection fo teh orbail tissues
signs and symptons of orbial cellutis
Pain+
Redness
Blurred vision
Diplopia (double vision)
Generally unwell
Pyrexia
Proptosis
Reduced eye movement
treatment for oriabl cellutis
Admit
IV antibiotics
CT Scan
Drainage of pus
what to ask for loss of vision
is it uni lateral or bi lateral
what is the onset, ie graual, over a period of time
what type of viosn loss, blue black or desired
any assoced symposn such as pain, redness and dischage
what is best corrected visual activity
using snellens chat to acess vion in peripherl
tests to do with fungla scoep for vision loss
direct opthalmoscope slit lamp
volks lens
what is volks lens for
looking at posterior eye
what does direct opthlamospce slit lamp look at
front of eye, mianly, ocrnea, lens, pupils, it can also look at retina
what is aded dudring direct opthlosope slit lamp test
eye drops to dilate the pupils
what are for paieint to take home for vision loss to check for determination
amslers chart
what is fluoresceint angiograpty
look at retian with dye added
how is die added to retain in flureanct angiograpy
though paiteints arm
how to condant a viual fiel assesnt
eith cover your eye and ak piatin when they can see your hand
use computer , asking piating to click when they see image in period;arhy
what is optila cohereance tomogpary
takes picker of fovea using infrad light, to show deapth of it
what could be cuase of sudden tcomplre vion los
retail detachment
central retianl arteyr occlusion
cuase of branch retial artyer occultion
cardiovauslar probelms
treatment for cnetalr retial occluion
treate cvs problems
intravitregal anti vegf
Ocular massage (massaging the eye)
Anterior chamber paracentesis (removing fluid from the anterior chamber to reduce the intraocular pressure)
Inhaled carbogen (5% carbon dioxide and 95% oxygen) (to dilate the artery)
Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (to dilate the artery)
Oral pentoxifylline (to dilate the artery)
Intravenous acetazolamide (to reduce the intraocular pressure)
Intravenous mannitol (to reduce the intraocular pressure)
Topical timolol (to reduce the intraocular pressure)
what is anterio ishcemic optic pnerpi
suddent loss of sight due to lack of blood flow to optic nerve head
what are the types of anterior ishcmic optic neurophay
non arteric and artierie cgiant cell anriteis
sympons of antiaroe ischmaic otic neurophathy
loss of visoin
unilataerl temporal hadahc
loss of apitie
scalp tenderness
jaw claudiction
signs of antiaeri ishcmia optic nuropathy
tenderness of superfical tempoaral arteries
raised inflamatory markers
platelets raised
management for anteriro optic neruaphy
high dose steroids
sympons of non arteric antiaore ishcmic optic neruopaty
painless , no symposn
treatement of non arteriric antiaer ishcemic optic neruapy
treat cvs risk factors
cause of viterous hameoarge
posterio virteaos detachment
proliferative diabetic reitopaty
trauma
risk factors for retial detahcment
myopia, trauma , cataract surgyer,
treatmet for retail detachment
surgical repair
causes of gradual loss of vision
cataracts, glaucoma, age related msuclar degeraiton, diabetic reitopathy
what is cataracts
gradual opacifiation of the lens
symptoms of cataracts
loss of vision
dazzle/ glare
treatment of cataracts
surgyer - phacoemulsiffication
what is glaucoma
raised in toer occpualr pressure due to optic nerve damge
types of glacuoma
opern or closed angle
acute and chornci
sympons of claucoma
gracual loss of feild of vioin
what are teh signs of chronic glacumom
raised intracoular pressure, visual feild dfects
optic disk damge
managmeent of chonci glacmena
surgyer, trabeculom, drainage
troapical treamts such as prostaisn, beta balkcs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
what are the ymons of age realted macular degernation
progressie loss of centla viois, disoriaentation
signs of ague related macular degation
distortion on amsler chart
drusen
what is the proption of dry and wet related age related macular degernation
90% dry
10% wet
what is dusen
when lipids acculmulate on retian, seen as yellow depisoij
treatemt for ague related muslar degation
vions aids, restiaon as bliind
what is main type of dry armd
atropic wehre macula gets thinner with age
what is gthe cuase of wet amd
abnomral blood vessles gowing to retian
invesitoan for wet age realted macauar degaion
oct - ptical coherence tomography (
fluroeicnt angiography
management for wet age related muclar getion
intravital antivegf
lowe viosnaids
regiation as blind
what is the signs of diabetic reoinpaty
microaneurysms
retinal haemorrhages and exudates
neuovasuclatiation
infectison fr diagbetic retiopary
oct
fluorescein angiograpty
management for diabetic retionpay
controal bm, bp and cholestrol
intravitreal antivegf
laser
low vision aids
regation blind
