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CNS > opthalamolgy > Flashcards

opthalamolgy Flashcards

1
Q

what to ask about in history in regards to presenting complaint

A

presenting complaint
- chagne in vision
redness
pain
discharge
double vision
change in the appearance of the eye

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2
Q

what to ask in hsitory of presenign compian

A

time of onsent
uni latearl/ bilater
releiving factors
permenat/ transient

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3
Q

what facotrs are associaten in past medical history with eye conditions

A

cvs such as ishcmeia optic neuropais
rental vien occulation
nerve plasis
ecemze/ astham / hay fever
joints - ankylosis spondylitis, rhumatoid artiers - uveitis , scleiris, episclitis

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4
Q

drugs which can effect eye

A

anticoagualn
ethambutol (anti tb) and chloroquuine(anti malaarial
tamsulosin (for enlaged prostate) - intraoparte flooppy isris syndrome

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5
Q

what are the visual assesmmens charts for adults name

A

snells cahart

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6
Q

what is the numarot and denominator for snells chart

A

numarot - disatnce, denomiantr norma eye can see at

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7
Q

what tests would be done if the patient canon see viaul chart

A

count fingers
hand movemnet
perception of light

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8
Q

what are the visual assesments for babies

A

preferntail looking, ie look to more exiting side of chart

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9
Q

visual assesment for toddlers

A

matchign kay pictures

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10
Q

what is the visual asses ing for older childen

A

naming kay picures of snellen chrt

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11
Q

what should be done in examination of face

A

look for facial symetry
look for rashes such as hzo
look for lid pision abdnomalies

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12
Q

what are you looking for inspecito of the eye

A

proptois, globe postion abnomalies , enopthalmos (eye shirinking into sockets)
symetry of pupils
lumps, bumps, rednes nd dischage

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13
Q

what is the purpose of slit lamp

A

gives 3d vision
allows operator to look to the back of the eye

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14
Q

what is a funospy

A

scope to look at the eye with

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15
Q

where does the acute red eye occur

A

in the anterior segment

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16
Q

what infection cna be done for looing for defects on cornea

A

fluorescein - whihc shows epital defects - you use green fluoresecion and blue light

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17
Q

treatment for infective conjuctivits

A

topical antibitoics

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18
Q

sympons of infective conjunctivitis

A

gritty red eyes, dishcage whihc is pulenr an watery

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19
Q

most common bacteria in infective conjucitiis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae

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20
Q

what is a subconjucila heaorm

A

bleeidng behind conjucntive

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21
Q

symotons of subconjuval hameorage

A

red and painless

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22
Q

treatment for subconjunctiival hemaoage

A

reassuracne

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23
Q

singis of allergici conjucitiges

A

ithcy nes
red
dishcare
acute
lid swling
conjunctival sweling

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24
Q

treatment fo allergic conjunctivitis

A

topical antihistamines
avoid allergen
mast cell stabilisers

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25
Q

exmapels of mast cell stabiliser

A

sodium chromoglycate

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26
Q

exmanle of topical antihsiamen

A

olopatadine

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27
Q

signs of a coneal ulcer

A

pain
redness
photophabia
dischage
hisotry of contact lens where
conral defect with surrouidn inflaitare

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28
Q

treatment for corneal ulcer

A

corenal scape
topical antibitoics

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29
Q

tropical antiboic examples

A

chloroamhenoicle and fucii acid

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30
Q

signs of corenal abraion

A

pain
red
wattiern
history of trauam
bluren vison
epithal defection

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31
Q

treatmane for cornal abraion is same as what

A

ulcer - topcial antiboic and analgesia

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32
Q

what is acute anteiro uvelitis

A

inflammation of iris and ciliary body

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33
Q

what is the signs and sympons of acute anterior uvulais

A

Pain
Watering
Photophobia
+/-Blurred vision/floaters
Possible previous episode
Red (circumcorneal injection)
Keratic precipitates
Cells in anterior chamber
Hypopyon
Small irregular pupil (posterior
synaechiae)

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34
Q

what is the treatm for anterior uveltis

A

Topical steroids
(Prednisolone 1% hourly)
Dilating drops
(Cyclopentolate 1% 3 times daily

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35
Q

what are teh signs and symptons of scleritis

A

Pain++
Redness (deep scleral vessels)
Nodule (does not move over sclera)
Tender++

36
Q

treatment for sclerits

A

systmatic steroidsq

37
Q

signs of acute angle closure glacuoma

A

Pain++
Redness
Blurred vision
Nausea & vomiting
Hazy cornea
Fixed mid dilated pupil
Hard eyeball

38
Q

treatment for acute angle closure glacuaom

A

Lower intraocular pressure
(carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,
beta blockers, prostaglandins)
Constrict pupil (pilocarpine)
Laser iridotomy

39
Q

what is aorbnial celluris

A

infection fo teh orbail tissues

40
Q

signs and symptons of orbial cellutis

A

Pain+
Redness
Blurred vision
Diplopia (double vision)
Generally unwell
Pyrexia
Proptosis
Reduced eye movement

41
Q

treatment for oriabl cellutis

A

Admit
IV antibiotics
CT Scan
Drainage of pus

42
Q

what to ask for loss of vision

A

is it uni lateral or bi lateral
what is the onset, ie graual, over a period of time
what type of viosn loss, blue black or desired
any assoced symposn such as pain, redness and dischage

43
Q

what is best corrected visual activity

A

using snellens chat to acess vion in peripherl

44
Q

tests to do with fungla scoep for vision loss

A

direct opthalmoscope slit lamp
volks lens

45
Q

what is volks lens for

A

looking at posterior eye

46
Q

what does direct opthlamospce slit lamp look at

A

front of eye, mianly, ocrnea, lens, pupils, it can also look at retina

47
Q

what is aded dudring direct opthlosope slit lamp test

A

eye drops to dilate the pupils

48
Q

what are for paieint to take home for vision loss to check for determination

A

amslers chart

49
Q

what is fluoresceint angiograpty

A

look at retian with dye added

50
Q

how is die added to retain in flureanct angiograpy

A

though paiteints arm

51
Q

how to condant a viual fiel assesnt

A

eith cover your eye and ak piatin when they can see your hand
use computer , asking piating to click when they see image in period;arhy

52
Q

what is optila cohereance tomogpary

A

takes picker of fovea using infrad light, to show deapth of it

53
Q

what could be cuase of sudden tcomplre vion los

A

retail detachment
central retianl arteyr occlusion

54
Q

cuase of branch retial artyer occultion

A

cardiovauslar probelms

55
Q

treatment for cnetalr retial occluion

A

treate cvs problems
intravitregal anti vegf
Ocular massage (massaging the eye)
Anterior chamber paracentesis (removing fluid from the anterior chamber to reduce the intraocular pressure)
Inhaled carbogen (5% carbon dioxide and 95% oxygen) (to dilate the artery)
Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (to dilate the artery)
Oral pentoxifylline (to dilate the artery)
Intravenous acetazolamide (to reduce the intraocular pressure)
Intravenous mannitol (to reduce the intraocular pressure)
Topical timolol (to reduce the intraocular pressure)

56
Q

what is anterio ishcemic optic pnerpi

A

suddent loss of sight due to lack of blood flow to optic nerve head

57
Q

what are the types of anterior ishcmic optic neurophay

A

non arteric and artierie cgiant cell anriteis

58
Q

sympons of antiaroe ischmaic otic neurophathy

A

loss of visoin
unilataerl temporal hadahc
loss of apitie
scalp tenderness
jaw claudiction

59
Q

signs of antiaeri ishcmia optic nuropathy

A

tenderness of superfical tempoaral arteries
raised inflamatory markers
platelets raised

60
Q

management for anteriro optic neruaphy

A

high dose steroids

61
Q

sympons of non arteric antiaore ishcmic optic neruopaty

A

painless , no symposn

62
Q

treatement of non arteriric antiaer ishcemic optic neruapy

A

treat cvs risk factors

63
Q

cause of viterous hameoarge

A

posterio virteaos detachment
proliferative diabetic reitopaty
trauma

64
Q

risk factors for retial detahcment

A

myopia, trauma , cataract surgyer,

65
Q

treatmet for retail detachment

A

surgical repair

66
Q

causes of gradual loss of vision

A

cataracts, glaucoma, age related msuclar degeraiton, diabetic reitopathy

67
Q

what is cataracts

A

gradual opacifiation of the lens

68
Q

symptoms of cataracts

A

loss of vision
dazzle/ glare

69
Q

treatment of cataracts

A

surgyer - phacoemulsiffication

70
Q

what is glaucoma

A

raised in toer occpualr pressure due to optic nerve damge

71
Q

types of glacuoma

A

opern or closed angle
acute and chornci

72
Q

sympons of claucoma

A

gracual loss of feild of vioin

73
Q

what are teh signs of chronic glacumom

A

raised intracoular pressure, visual feild dfects
optic disk damge

74
Q

managmeent of chonci glacmena

A

surgyer, trabeculom, drainage
troapical treamts such as prostaisn, beta balkcs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

75
Q

what are the ymons of age realted macular degernation

A

progressie loss of centla viois, disoriaentation

76
Q

signs of ague related macular degation

A

distortion on amsler chart
drusen

77
Q

what is the proption of dry and wet related age related macular degernation

A

90% dry
10% wet

78
Q

what is dusen

A

when lipids acculmulate on retian, seen as yellow depisoij

79
Q

treatemt for ague related muslar degation

A

vions aids, restiaon as bliind

80
Q

what is main type of dry armd

A

atropic wehre macula gets thinner with age

81
Q

what is gthe cuase of wet amd

A

abnomral blood vessles gowing to retian

82
Q

invesitoan for wet age realted macauar degaion

A

oct - ptical coherence tomography (
fluroeicnt angiography

83
Q

management for wet age related muclar getion

A

intravital antivegf
lowe viosnaids
regiation as blind

84
Q

what is the signs of diabetic reoinpaty

A

microaneurysms
retinal haemorrhages and exudates
neuovasuclatiation

85
Q

infectison fr diagbetic retiopary

A

oct
fluorescein angiograpty

86
Q

management for diabetic retionpay

A

controal bm, bp and cholestrol
intravitreal antivegf
laser
low vision aids
regation blind

87
Q
A

CNS (27 decks)

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