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Histopathology > TUMOR MARKERS (ANTIGENS) > Flashcards

TUMOR MARKERS (ANTIGENS) Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinomas of lung, breasts, uterus, ovarian cancers

A

CK7 (+)

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2
Q

Colon and stomach cancers

A

CK20 (+)

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3
Q

Transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and mucinous ovarian tumors

A

CK7 and CK20 positive

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4
Q

Renal cell carcinomas, liver carcinomas, prostatic adenocarcinomas, thyroid and squamous cell carcinomas

A

CK7 and CK20 negative

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5
Q

Helpful in determining the site of tumor, positive for breast adenocarcinomas, lungs, and kidneys

A

EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen)

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6
Q

Oncofetal antigen present in carcinomas of GI tract, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, uterus, cervix, and differentiates adenocarcinoma (+) from mesothelioma (-)

A

CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)

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7
Q

Distinguishes lung adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma; present in thyroid gland neoplasms

A

TTF (Thyroid Transcription Factor 1)

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8
Q

Positive in prostate adenocarcinoma, pancreatic and salivary tumors

A

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

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9
Q

Normally found in breast epithelial cells but not myoepithelial cells; used for prognosis and treatment of breast cancer, and identifying metastatic breast cancer

A

ER/PR (Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor)

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10
Q

Sensitive marker for muscle differentiation; identifies tumors derived from smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles

A

Actin

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11
Q

Present in mesenchymal cells and neoplastic cells; stains positive in sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias, seminomas, neural tumors, melanomas, and schwannomas

A

Vimentin

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12
Q

Expressed by smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle; highly specific for myogenic tumors

A

Desmin

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13
Q

Expressed by CNS glial cells, especially astrocytes; used in astrocytoma diagnosis

A

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)

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14
Q

Expressed by cells of neural origin; positive in neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas, neuromas, and chemodectomas

A

NF (Neurofilament)

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15
Q

Calcium-binding protein; expressed by CNS glial cells, Schwann cells, melanocytes, histiocytes, chondrocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscles, myoepithelial cells, and epithelial cells of the breast, salivary, and sweat glands

A

S100 Protein

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16
Q

Positive for tumors with neural or neuroendocrine differentiation

A

NSE (Neuron-specific enolase)

17
Q

Found in neural secretory granules of endocrine tissues; indicates neuroendocrine differentiation

A

Chromogranin

18
Q

Present in presynaptic vesicles of neurons, normal neurons, and neuroendocrine cells

A

Synaptophysin

19
Q

Synthesized by the placental syncytiotrophoblast; positive in choriocarcinoma and germ cell tumors

A

HCG

20
Q

Synthesized by the normal liver; positive in hepatocellular carcinoma

A

AFP

21
Q

Produced by placental syncytiotrophoblasts in late pregnancy; positive in germ cell tumors, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor, and seminoma

A

PLAP (Placental-like Alkaline Phosphatase)

22
Q

Markers for myogenic tumors; positive in tumors of skeletal muscle origin

A

Actin, Desmin, Myo D-1, Myoglobin, Myogenin

23
Q

Markers for fibrohistiocytic tumors such as malignant fibrohistiocytoma; positive for these markers

A

CD68, FAM 56, Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, Alpha-1 Antichymotrypsin

24
Q

Markers for vascular tumors such as angiosarcoma; positive for these endothelial markers

A

Factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, Ulex europaeus (UEA)

25
Q

Melanoma markers; melanocytes derived from the neural crest; positive for these markers

A

S100 protein, HMB45 (Melanosome)

26
Q

Markers for lymphoma; leukocyte common antigen also known as CD45 is the best screening marker

A

LCA (CD45), T cells (CD3, 4, 8), B cells (CD19, 20, 23), Reed Sternberg cells (CD15, 30, Ig light and heavy chains)

27
Q

Cell proliferation markers used to assess tumor proliferation, aggressiveness, and metastasis potential

A

Ki-67 (MIB-1), PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen)

28
Q

Cancer-associated genes; overexpression uncommon or absent in normal or benign cells; positive in malignant tumors

A

p53, HER2/C-erb B-2, c-myc, ras

29
Q

Markers for infectious agents; include various viruses, fungi, and bacteria

A

Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B surface and core antigens, Hepatitis C virus, HPV, CMV, EBV, Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis carinii, Helicobacter pylori, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma, Entamoeba histolytica, Mycobacteria

Histopathology (30 decks)

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