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Histopathology > General pathology > Flashcards

General pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial cells derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

A

Germ layer origin of epithelial cells

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2
Q

Connective tissue derived from mesoderm

A

Germ layer origin of connective tissue

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3
Q

Muscular tissue derived from mesoderm

A

Germ layer origin of muscular tissue

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4
Q

Nervous tissue derived from ectoderm

A

Germ layer origin of nervous tissue

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5
Q

Type of tissue that covers and lines surfaces; consists of cells close to each other forming membranes or sheets

A

Epithelial tissue

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6
Q

Secretes substances; includes endocrine and exocrine types

A

Glands

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7
Q

Free surface of epithelial tissues

A

Apical surface

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8
Q

Motile structure seen in respiratory tract and fallopian tubes; sweeps materials

A

Cilia

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9
Q

Structure for absorption seen in epididymis and vas deferens

A

Stereocilia

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10
Q

Brush border/striated structure for absorption seen in the GIT

A

Microvilli

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11
Q

Characteristic of epithelial tissue; lacks blood supply and receives nutrients from connective tissue

A

Avascular

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12
Q

Locations include Bowman’s capsule, endothelium, loop of Henle, and lung alveoli

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Locations include ducts of glands, walls of thyroid follicles, and kidney tubules

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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14
Q

Non-ciliated type in gallbladder; ciliated type in uterine tubes

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

Keratinized type in skin; non-keratinized type in vagina, esophagus, and cervix

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Located in ducts of sweat glands

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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17
Q

Found in male urethra

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Found in urinary bladder

A

Transitional epithelium (urothelium)

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19
Q

Ciliated type in trachea; non-ciliated type in epididymis

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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20
Q

Examples include sweat glands and pyloric glands

A

Simple tubular glands

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21
Q

Example: Brunner glands

A

Compound tubular glands

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22
Q

Example: Littre glands

A

Simple acinar glands

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23
Q

Example: Lacrimal glands

A

Compound acinar glands

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24
Q

Example: Submandibular glands

A

Compound tubulo-acinar glands

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25
Q

Secretes without cytoplasmic loss; examples include goblet cells and sweat glands

A

Merocrine secretion

26
Q

Secretion involves cytoplasmic loss; example: mammary glands

A

Apocrine secretion

27
Q

Secretion involves complete breakdown of the cell; example: sebaceous glands

A

Holocrine secretion

28
Q

Most abundant tissue type; varies in appearance and functions; binds, protects, and supports

A

Connective tissue

29
Q

Type of connective tissue that is not vascularized

A

Cartilage (hyaline, elastic)

30
Q

Components of connective tissue; includes extracellular matrix and ground substance

A

Extracellular matrix components

31
Q

Fixed cells in connective tissue; includes fibroblasts and adipocytes

A

Fixed connective tissue cells

32
Q

Type of connective tissue cells that include WBCs, RBCs, and macrophages

A

Wandering connective tissue cells

33
Q

Fibers produced by fibroblasts; includes collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

A

Connective tissue fibers

34
Q

Most abundant connective tissue fiber

A

Collagen fiber

35
Q

Connective tissue fiber known for elasticity

A

Elastic fiber

36
Q

Connective tissue fiber that stains with silver

A

Reticular fiber

37
Q

Tissue with varied appearance and functions; includes Dense Regular, Dense Irregular, Embryonic, Reticular, Elastic, Areolar

A

Connective tissue types

38
Q

Bone with a compact (diaphysis) and spongy (epiphysis) structure, more organized in compact and less in spongy

A

Osseous (Bone)

39
Q

Functional unit of bone tissue

A

Osteon

40
Q

Adipose tissue with unilocular adipocytes

A

White adipose

41
Q

Adipose tissue with multiocular adipocytes and increased mitochondria

A

Brown adipose

42
Q

Muscle tissue with alternating striations, voluntary, cylindrical and multinucleated

A

Skeletal muscle

43
Q

Muscle tissue with cylindrical and branching fibers, involuntary, and centrally located nucleus

A

Cardiac muscle

44
Q

Muscle tissue that is non-striated, spindle-shaped, involuntary, with mitosis

A

Visceral/Smooth muscle

45
Q

Tissue responsible for rapid communication; consists of neurons and neuroglia

A

Nervous tissue

46
Q

Cell in nervous tissue that receives stimuli and conducts waves of excitability

A

Neuron

47
Q

Neuroglia cells responsible for support, protection, and insulation

A

Neuroglia

48
Q

Cell type that produces myelin in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocyte

49
Q

Cell type that produces myelin in the PNS

A

Schwann cell

50
Q

Cells in nervous tissue that support the blood-brain barrier

A

Astrocyte

51
Q

Cells in nervous tissue that act as macrophages

A

Microglia

52
Q

Process of tissue degeneration due to damage or disease

A

Pathobiology

53
Q

Definition: non-appearance of an organ

A

Agenesis

54
Q

Definition: failure of an organ to reach mature size

A

Hypoplasia

55
Q

Definition: failure of an organ to form an opening

A

Atresia

56
Q

Reduction in cell size and substance, could be physiologic or pathologic

A

Atrophy

57
Q

Increase in cell size without new cells, e.g., muscle growth from exercise

A

Hypertrophy

58
Q

Increase in cell number, leading to tissue enlargement, e.g., breast during pregnancy

A

Hyperplasia

59
Q

Change of one cell type to another, reversible and adaptive, e.g., columnar to squamous in smokers

A

Metaplasia

60
Q

Abnormal cell growth and differentiation, a pre-cancerous stage

A

Dysplasia

61
Q

Undifferentiated cellular change, with features like pleomorphism and hyperchromatism, irreversible

A

Anaplasia

Histopathology (30 decks)

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