Stains for Fats

Question 1

Property of tissues to be stained with fat or oil soluble dyes

Answer 1

Sudanophilia

Question 2

Not real dyes, lacks auxochrome, gives color to lipids because they are more soluble in lipid medium of tissues than in 70% alcohol

Answer 2

Oil Soluble Dyes (Lysochromes)

Question 3

Most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes; stains phospholipids and neutral fats (triglycerides); color: black/blue-black

Answer 3

Sudan Black B

Question 4

Has no secondary amino group; most commonly used; stains neutral fats (triglycerides); add benzoic acid to intensify fat staining and prevent rapid deterioration of solution; color: red

Answer 4

Sudan IV (Scharlach R)

Question 5

First Sudan dye, stains fat and other CNS tissues; less deep light orange stain

Answer 5

Sudan III

Question 6

Stains neutral fats and lipofuscin

Answer 6

Oil Red O

Question 7

Stain for unsaturated fats in frozen section

Answer 7

Osmic Acid

Question 8

Differentiates two lipid classes; Red Oxazine: dissolves neutral lipids; Blue Oxazine: reacts with phospholipids and free fatty acids

Answer 8

Nile Blue Sulfate Method

Question 9

Polysaccharides bound to other substances, form the matrix of connective tissues, secreted by goblet cells, respiratory lining cells, and certain glands

Answer 9

Mucins

Question 10

Acid mucopolysaccharides primarily composed of hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate; Metachromatic substances (Alcian blue negative), PAS negative

Answer 10

Mucopolysaccharides

Question 11

Mucoids and glycoproteins; neutral mucopolysaccharides containing hexoses; do not stain with Alcian blue

Answer 11

Mucoproteins

Question 12

Stains glycogen, mucoprotein, hyaline casts, glomerular basement membrane; most common PAS (+) substance; intensity of PAS proportional to sugar; magenta color

Answer 12

Periodic Acid Schiff Stains

Question 13

Method of choice for glycogen; red control only nuclei are stained; addition of diastase serves as control

Answer 13

PAS with Diastase Control

Question 14

Stains glycogen; bright red; selective and highly specific for glycogen

Answer 14

Best Carmine

Question 15

Oldest glycogen stain but obsolete; mahogany brown color

Answer 15

Langhan’s Iodine method

Question 16

Stains acid mucopolysaccharides (Acid MPS); blue color; most popular method for acid mucins

Answer 16

Alcian Blue

Question 17

Stains acid mucopolysaccharides (Acid MPS); crimson or red-violet color; metachromatic dye; fixative: mercuric chloride

Answer 17

Azure A

Question 18

Stains acid mucopolysaccharides (Acid MPS); crimson or red-violet color; metachromatic stain

Answer 18

Uranyl Acetate

Question 19

Acid mucopolysaccharides (Acid MPS); red-purple; metachromatic stain

Answer 19

Toluidine Blue

Question 20

Acid and neutral mucins; acid mucin appears blue, neutral mucin magenta; separates acid and neutral mucins

Answer 20

Combined Alcian Blue PAS Technique

Question 21

Mucins, sulfated mucins; purple; carboxylated mucin blue; greater affinity for sulfated mucins

Answer 21

Combined Gomori’s Aldehyde Technique

Question 22

Mucin red; addition of aluminum hydroxide; Southgate’s mucicarmine technique stains encapsulated fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 22

Mucicarmine

Question 23

Mucin, acid mucin; dark blue; greater sensitivity and intensity compared to Alcian Blue

Answer 23

Hale’s Colloidal (Dialyzed) Iron Technique

Question 24

Acid mucins; brilliant orange and fluorescence; uses fluorochrome stains temporarily

Answer 24

Fluorescent Acridine Orange Technique