STAINS FOR TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPO

Question 1

Pigments produced by substances deposited in the body that absorb visible light

Answer 1

Pigmentation

Question 2

Normal pigmentation caused by the normal metabolism of the body

Answer 2

Normal Pigmentation

Question 3

Pigments produced by physiological functions or metabolism

Answer 3

Endogenous Pigments

Question 4

Iron-containing pigment from hemoglobin, appearing as yellow to brown granules

Answer 4

Hemosiderin

Question 5

Iron-free pigment from hemoglobin, appearing bright yellow

Answer 5

Hematoidin

Question 6

Pigment produced when hemoglobin minus the globin molecule is deposited

Answer 6

Hematin

Question 7

Black pigment produced by malarial parasites

Answer 7

Hemozoin

Question 8

Iron-free brownish pigment

Answer 8

Hemofuscin

Question 9

Pigments such as melanin, lipofuscin, and chromaffin not associated with hemoglobin metabolism

Answer 9

Non Hematogenous Pigments

Question 10

Minerals like iron, calcium, and copper deposited in tissues as endogenous pigments

Answer 10

Endogenous Minerals

Question 11

Pigments deposited from external sources or foreign materials like tattoos, carbon, and metals

Answer 11

Exogenous Pigments

Question 12

Most common exogenous pigment, appearing jet black in lungs and lymph nodes, associated with anthracosis

Answer 12

Carbon

Question 13

Lung condition caused by inhalation of silica, characterized by the deposition of exogenous pigments

Answer 13

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Question 14

Pigments caused by the interaction of tissue components and chemicals, often as artifacts

Answer 14

Artefact Pigments

Question 15

Stain used for detecting hemosiderin (ferric iron) as deep blue

Answer 15

Perl’s Prussian Blue

Question 16

Stain used for detecting ferrous iron in hemosiderin, appearing bright blue

Answer 16

Turnbull’s Blue

Question 17

Stain for hemoglobin and oxidase, producing dark blue, but benzidine is carcinogenic

Answer 17

Benzidine Nitroprusside

Question 18

Most common method for detecting bile pigments, with emerald to blue color

Answer 18

Modified Fouchet’s Bile Pigments

Question 19

Diagnostic stain for bile pigments with a play of colors (blue, green, violet), but not permanent

Answer 19

Gmelin’s Bile Pigments

Question 20

Stain for bile pigments, turning green

Answer 20

Stein’s Iodine

Question 21

Stain for reducing substances like bile, lipofuscin, and melanin, producing dark blue

Answer 21

Schmorl’s Ferric Ferricyanide

Question 22

Stain used to detect lipofuscin, resulting in purple color

Answer 22

Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin

Question 23

Stain for hemofuscin, which turns red

Answer 23

Mallory’s Fuchsin

Question 24

Stain for melanin and argentaffin cells, resulting in black

Answer 24

Masson Fontana

Question 25

used for skeletal system development in embryos and fetuses, with purple-blue color

Answer 25

Calcium Dye Lake Reaction

Question 26

Used to detect calcium, turning orange-red in fetus skeletal system

Answer 26

Sodium Alizarin Red S

Question 27

Soluble calcium detection using gypsum and oxalate

Answer 27

Gypsum and Oxalate Method

Question 28

Calcium detection with silver nitrate, turns black

Answer 28

Von Kossa’s Silver Nitrate

Question 29

Modified copper detection with red to orange red color

Answer 29

Lindquist’s Modified Rhodamine

Question 30

Recommended mounting medium for Apathy’s technique

Answer 30

Apathy’s Mountant

Question 31

Substance showing color change under polarized light

Answer 31

Birefringence

Question 32

MSU with negative birefringence (gout) vs. pyrophosphate with positive birefringence (pseudogout)

Answer 32

Birefringence of MSU and Pyrophosphate

Question 33

Microscope used to detect birefringence in crystals

Answer 33

Polarizing Microscope

Question 34

Condition with MSU and negative birefringence

Answer 34

Gout

Question 35

Condition with pyrophosphate and positive birefringence

Answer 35

Pseudogout