STAINS FOR PROTEINS, ENZYMES AND NUCLEIC ACID Flashcards
Made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Proteins
Fixative for amino acid histochemistry
Neutral Buffered Formol Saline
Detection of biological catalysts
Enzyme Histochemistry
Tissue fixed in acetone or formalin (-70°C or below) or 4% formalin overnight
Tissues for Enzyme Histochemistry
Technique for enzyme demonstration
Metal Precipitation
Composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
Nucleic Acids
Combined with basic proteins to form nucleoproteins
DNA and RNA
Histochemical ID of proteins; stains green
Alkaline Fast Green
Histochemical ID of cysteine and cystine; stains blue-green
Peracetic Acid-Alcian Blue
Histochemical ID of arginine; stains orange-red
Sakaguchi’s Arginine
Enzyme histochemistry; ALP staining; brownish black
Gomori Calcium
Enzyme histochemistry; ACP staining; black
Gomori Lead
Enzyme histochemistry; 5-nucleotidase; blackish brown
Lead Method
Enzyme histochemistry; ATPase staining; light to dark brown
Metal Precipitation ATPase
Enzyme histochemistry; Non-specific esterase; reddish brown
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate
Enzyme histochemistry; Non-specific esterase; blue
Indoxyl Acetate Method
Enzyme histochemistry; dark brown to black
Acetylthiocholine Method
Enzyme histochemistry; bluish black
Tetrazolium Method
Enzyme histochemistry; black or bluish black
Succinic Dehydrogenase Method
Nuclear DNA; red-purple; most reliable technique for DNA
Fuelgen Technique
Differential stain for DNA and RNA; DNA - green; RNA - red
Methyl Green Pyronin
Fluorescent dyes emit light when excited by UV or visible light
Fluorescent Stains
Fluorescent stain for DNA and RNA; apple green; widely used
Fluorescein
Fluorescent stain for DNA and RNA; orange-red
Rhodamine
Fluorescent stain for DNA and RNA; DNA - yellow-green; RNA - orange-red
Acridine Orange
Fluorescent stain for DNA; yellow; alternative to Basic Fuchsin
Acriflavine
Pairing of complementary base pairs using labeled probes; identifies nucleic acids
In-situ Hybridization
Gene amplification technique; steps include denaturation, annealing, and elongation
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)