Trauma - Trauma Basics Flashcards
What is the difference between a sprain and strain injury?
A sprain is the stretching or tearing of ligaments.
A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons. Often you will hear, “I sprained my ankle” or “I strained my hamstring”
What is an open fracture?
The bone has broken the surface of the skin
What is a closed fracture?
A closed fracture is when there is no broken skin
What are the following types of bones fractures is the most common in children?
Greenstick. Children’s bones are softer and not as developed as adults. This causes more of a bend, than a break.
What are the 6 P’s of musculoskeletal?
- Pain
- Paralysis
- Paresthesia
- Pulselessness
- Pallor
- Pressure
When is it okay to remove an impaled object?
Most often, removing an impaled object will cause more trauma and bleeding than leaving it in. However, if the object obstructs the airway, and without removing it, the patient will die; it is better for the patient if the object is removed.
What is compartment syndrome?
A buildup of pressure within a closed space within the body. Nerves, blood vessels, and muscles are compressed, resulting in reduced blood flow and subsequent death of the tissue.
What are the steps to treating an uncontrolled bleed?
- Direct pressure
- Elevation
- Tourniquet
How would you treat a patient with an abdominal evisceration?
First off, what’s an abdominal evisceration? When organs within the abdominal cavity protrude out broken skin; most often the intestines.
Treatment includes covering with a moist sterile dressing. Placing an occlusive dressing over the top. Flexing the legs to reduce abdominal contraction. Treating for shock. Rapid transport.
What is first degree burns?
First-degree - Known as superficial burns, the damage the epidermis only. The are painful and red, but won’t present with blisters. Most common first-degree burn is a ‘sun burn’.
What is second degree burns?
Second-degree - Known as partial thickness burns, it damages the epidermis and partially into the dermis. Very painful, with blisters present. An example is grabbing a pan right from the oven.
What is third - degree burns?
Third-degree - Known as full-thickness, it is completely through the dermis and into the tissues below. Often white or charred skin that is dry, leathery, and victims will be without pain.
