Cardiovascular Emergencies Flashcards
Signs and Symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:
A. regularly take illegal drugs
B. are older than 40 years of age
C. have had a stroke in the past
D. have chronic hypertension
D. have chronic hypertension
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:
A. Right atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. left atrium
D. right ventricle
A. Right atrium
After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:
A. assess for a carotid pulse
B. transport the patient at once
C. re - analyze for cardiac rhythm
D. immediately resume CPR
D. immediately resume CPR
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:
A. who have taken up two doses
B. who have experienced a head injury
C. with a history of an ischemic stroke
D. with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm hg
B. who have experienced a head injury
Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:
A. excess stress
B. lack of expertise
C. hyperglycemia
D. family history
D. family history
A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:
Select one:
A. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.
B. the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing.
C. the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow.
D. tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen.
A. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.
A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? Select one: A. Obstructive lung disease B. Acute myocardial infarction C. Uncontrolled hypertension D. Thoracic aortic aneurysm
B. Acute myocardial infarction
Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:
Select one:
A. distance between the two AED pads on the chest.
B. actual amount of energy that the AED will deliver.
C. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.
D. direction that the electrical flow takes in the body
C. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.
A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:
Select one:
A. assess the adequacy of his respirations.
B. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin.
C. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin.
D. obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history
A. assess the adequacy of his respirations.
A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:
Select one:
A. perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate.
B. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest.
C. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.
D. remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place.
C. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.
The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the: Select one: A. bundle of His. B. atrioventricular node. C. sinoatrial node. D. coronary sinus
C. sinoatrial node
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:
Select one:
A. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.
B. immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm.
C. have your partner perform CPR while you question the bystanders.
D. perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup
A. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.
A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours’ duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should:
Select one:
A. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.
B. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice.
C. give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once.
D. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure.
A. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.
The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:
Select one:
A. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available.
B. he or she is not breathing and has a weakly palpable pulse.
C. his or her condition is rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest.
D. special pads are used and the child has profound tachycardia
A. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available.
Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should: Select one: A. assess for a pulse for 20 seconds. B. dry the chest if it is wet. C. perform CPR for 30 seconds. D. contact medical control.
B. dry the chest if it is wet.
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure? Select one: A. Flat jugular veins B. Pulmonary edema C. Dependent edema D. Labored breathing
C. Dependent edema
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker? Select one: A. Generalized weakness B. Syncope or dizziness C. Heart rate less than 60 beats/min D. A rapid heart rate
D. A rapid heart rate
When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the “LL” and “RL” electrodes should be placed: Select one: A. on either side of the chest. B. on the lower abdomen. C. on the thighs or ankles. D. anywhere on the arms
C. on the thighs or ankles.
Angina pectoris occurs when:
Select one:
A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.
B. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand.
C. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm.
D. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque.
A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.
A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:
Select one:
A. a weakened area develops in the aortic wall.
B. the aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding.
C. all layers of the aorta suddenly contract.
D. the inner layers of the aorta become separated.
D. the inner layers of the aorta become separated.
