Prep for final exam Flashcards
1
Q
All the following systems contain organs that make up the contents of the abdominal cavity, EXCEPT A.) The urinary system B.) The digestive system C.) The limbic system D.) The genitourinary system
A
C. The Limbic system
2
Q
You are assessing a 45 year old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has frequent thoughts of suicidal but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How would you manage this situation?
A.) Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan
B.) Encourage the patient to remain quiet during transport
C.) Leave the scene and have a neighbor check on her
D.) Have law enforcement place her in protective custody
A
A.) Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan
3
Q
The amount of medication that is given is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A.) Indication B.) Dose C.) Side effect D.) Contraindication
A
B.) Dose
4
Q
You are treating a 57 year old who is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. You have standing orders when you write protocols to call your medical director for authorization to administer aspirin. You attempt to call your medical director and you are unable to establish contact. Your next step should be:
A.) Proceed to transport and take vital signs every 5 minutes without giving the medication
B.) Call ALS
C.) Give the aspirin as it indicated for your patient
D.) Call the receiving facility and speak with the emergency department physician
A
D.) Call the receiving facility and speak with the emergency department physician
5
Q
A 49 year old male presents with an acute onset of crush chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:
A.) Obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history
B.) Administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin
C.) Assess the adequacy of his respirations
D.) Administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin
A
C.) Assess the adequacy of his respirations
6
Q
A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: A.) Epinephrine B.) Albuterol C.) An antihistamine D.) A beta - antagonist
A
A.) Epinephrine
7
Q
As you enter the residence who has possibly overdosed, you should: A.) Quickly gain access to the patient B.) Observe the scene for drug bottles C.) Look for drug paraphernalia D.) Be alert for personal hazards
A
D.) Be alert for personal hazards
8
Q
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to: A.) Dilate B.) Become larger C.) Become smaller D.) Not react
A
C.) Become smaller
9
Q
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: A. fluid in the alveoli. B. a lower airway obstruction. C. secretions in the airway. D. swelling of the upper airway.
A
B. A lower airway obstruction
10
Q
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
A.) The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion
B.) Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles
C.) Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease
D.) The arteries contract to increase blood pressure
A
D.) The arteries contract to increase blood pressure
11
Q
An intoxicated 40 year old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body’s position? A.) Prone B.) Dorsal C.) Recumbent D.) Supine
A
A.) Prone
12
Q
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present but have not provided any care.
You should:
A.) Perform two rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup
B.) Have your partner perform CPR while you question the bystanders
C.) Immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm
D.) Begin high quality and apply the AED as soon as possible
A
D.) Begin high quality and apply the AED as soon as possible
13
Q
A 31 year old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:
A.) Administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress
B.) Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication
C.) Contact medical control and apprise him or her what you did
D.) Check the drugs expiration date to ensure that it is still current
A
B.) Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication
14
Q
A drop in blood pressure with a change in position is referred to as A.) Malignant hypotension B.) Metastatic hypotension C.) Orthostatic hypotension D.) Psychogenic hypotension
A
C.) Orthostatic hypotension
15
Q
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following EXCEPT:
A, Nausea
B. Tachycardia
C. Headache
D. Hot, dry, skin
A
D.) Hot, dry skin
16
Q
The rate and amount of heat loss by the body can be modified by all the following EXCEPT
A.) Wearing insulated clothing
B.) Increasing fluid intake
C.) Moving to an area where heat loss is decreased
D.) Increasing heat production
A
B.) Increasing fluid intake
17
Q
Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called \_\_\_\_\_ A.)Shock B.) Hypoxia C.) Hypotension D.) Perfusion
A
A.) Shock
18
Q
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right sided heart failure? A.) Pulmonary edema B.) Labored breathing C.) Dependent edema D.) Flat jugular veins
A
C.) Dependent edema
19
Q
When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:
A.) Ask the patient to hold his or her arms up with the palms down
B.) Expect to see one arm slowly drift down to the patient’s side
C.) Observe moment of the arm for approximately 2 minutes
D.) Ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment
A
D.) Ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment
20
Q
An open neck injury may result in \_\_\_ if enough air is sucked into a blood vessel A.) Subcutaneous emphysema B.) An air embolism C.) Hypovolemic shock D.) Tracheal deviation
A
B.) An air embolism
21
Q
A behavioral crisis interferes with which of the following?
A.) Activities of daily living
B.) Behavior that is accepted to the community
C.) Dressing, eating, or bathing
D.) All of these are correct
A
D.) All of these are correct
22
Q
Which of the following is the most appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? A.) Portable stretcher B.) Scoop stretcher C.) Wheeled stretcher D.) Long backboard
A
D.) Long backboard
23
Q
A 47 year old male presents with severe abdominal pain for 3 hours duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your most important consideration for this patient should be to:
A.) Determine the exact location and cause of his pain
B.) Transport him in a supine position
C.) Be alert for signs and symptoms of shock
D.) Assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy
A
C.) Be alert for signs and symptoms of shock
24
Q
Which of the following structures is not found in the upper airway? A.) Pharynx B.) Larynx C.) Oropharynx D.) Bronchus
A
D.) Bronchus
25
You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.
Slander
26
After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should:
Select one:
A. get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible.
B. report the incident to your supervisor after the call.
C. discontinue patient care and seek medical attention.
D. immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution.
B. report the incident to your supervisor after the call.
27
Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities?
Cardiac arrest
28
```
You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her:
Select one:
A. in a position of comfort.
B. supine with her legs elevated.
C. on her left side.
D. in the Fowler position.
```
C. On her left side
29
```
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury?
Select one:
A. Scoop stretcher
B. Wheeled stretcher
C. Portable stretcher
D. Long backboard
```
D. Long backboard
30
An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
A. Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain
B. Opens eyes in response to voice, makes incomprehensible sounds, localizes pain
C. Opens eyes spontaneously, is confused when spoken to, exhibits abnormal flexion
D. Eyes remain closed, makes incomprehensible sounds, exhibits abnormal extension
A. Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate
31
```
The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
Select one:
A. 120 to 180 seconds.
B. 90 to 120 seconds.
C. 60 to 90 seconds.
D. 30 seconds.
```
C. 60 to 90 seconds.
32
What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
33
Which of the following is a potentially severe complication of neurogenic shock?
A. Hyperthermia
B. Hypothermia
C. Hypertension
D. Hypotension
B. Hypothermia
34
A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:
A. request paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away
B. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack
C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control
D. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route
C. Repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control
35
Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?
A. bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation
B. widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection
C. bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation
D. viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction
C. Bacterial damage to the vessel was, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation.
36
The EMT must assume that an unwitnessed water - related incident is accompanied by:
A. possible spinal injury
B. cold - water immersion
C. an air embolism
D. alcohol intoxication
A. Possible spinal injury
37
You are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. The patient has apparently fallen and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should:
A. contact police and remain at the scene until they arrive and escort you to the hospital
B. Immediately remove the patient from the environment and transport
C. continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident and measure her as you provide.
D. Ask more detailed questions and press the issue until you have a more detailed understanding of the incident.
C. Continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident and reassure her as you provide
38
________ is/are the recommended way to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious child.
Chest compressions
39
The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:
A. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly.
B. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest.
C. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.
D. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex.
C. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag
40
A ________ provides 24% to 44% oxygen concentration.
Nasal cannula
41
What is the leading cause of injury in older adults?
falls
42
An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect:
A. acute hyperglycemia
B. hypovolemic shock
C. Subdural hematoma
D. systemic infection
D. A systemic infection
43
According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?
A. attempt to pass a function catheter to the tube
B. listen to breath sounds to assess for a pneumothroax
C. look for blood or other secretions in the tube
D. check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction
D. Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction
44
When arriving at the scene of an overturned tractor-trailer rig, you note that a green cloud is being emitted from the crashed vehicle. The driver is still in the truck; he is conscious but bleeding profusely from the head. After notifying the hazardous materials team, you should:
A. Park downhill from the scene
B. Ask the driver to exit the vehicle
C. quickly gain access to the patient
D. Position the ambulance upwind
D. Position the ambulance upwind
45
A medical transport helicopter is incoming and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone (LZ). You should:
A. place four flares 100 feet apart in an "X" pattern.
B. use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ. Correct
C. ask bystanders to stand at all four corners of the LZ.
D. use yellow caution tape to mark of the LZ perimeter.
B. Use weighted cones to make all four corners of the LZ
46
When working around undeployed airbags after a vehicle crash, you should maintain at least a ________ clearance between yourself and the passenger-side airbag.
A. 20 inches
B. 10 inches
C. 25inches
D. 30 inches
A. 20 inch
47
When working around undeployed airbags after a vehicle crash, you should maintain at least a ________ clearance between yourself and the driver-side airbag.
A. 20 inces
B. 15 inches
C. 10 inches
D. 30 inches
C. 10 inches
48
A team of experienced EMT’S should be able to perform rapid extrication in
A. 1 minutes or less
B. 60 - 90 seconds
C. 2 minutes or less
D. 20 - 30 seconds
A. 1 minutes or less
49
The assessment of the patient and the scene by ___ will dictate how medical care, packaging, and transport will proceed
The incident commander, NOT the EMT’S
50
A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unresponsive, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should:
Select one:
A. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
B. direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance.
C. stabilize her legs with long board splints.
D. obtain baseline vital signs and transport at once
B. Direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance
51
At a scene with downed electrical lines, the EMT should _________.
Select one:
A. remain outside the danger (hot) zone
B. relocate the danger (hot) zone away from the patient
C. stabilize the patient in the danger (hot) zone
D. enter the danger (hot) zone for patient removal only
A. Remain outside the danger (hot zone)
52
The function of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) is to:
A. educate city and county governments regarding foreign terrorist attacks
B. prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents
C. prepare for the potential of a nuclear attack against the United States
D. facilitate a standard method of incident command for natural disasters
B. Prepare for, prevent, respond, and recover domestic incidents
53
The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent, and often inefficient, decisions regarding an incident is called:
A. freelancing
B. single command
C. logistical chaos
D. undermining
A. Freelancing
54
Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the incident command system?
A. Extrication
B. Triage
C. Treatment
D. Transport
A. Extrication
55
Why is it important to follow the requests of the incident commander?
The incident commander best understands incident needs
56
In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information?
The patient is competent and signs a release form
57
Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?
A. Duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation
B. Abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation
C. breach of duty, injury / damages, abandonment, and causation
D. duty to act, breach of duty, injury / damages and causation
D. Duty to act, breath of duty, injury / damages, and causations
58
How is behavioral crisis defined?
Any reaction to events that interfere with the activities of daily living
59
Which of the following behavior crisis is most likely lead to suicide?
depression
60
When assessing a patient with a behavior crisis, you should:
Be direct and clearly state your intetions
61
The EMT is legally obligated to protect patients privacy according to ___
HIPPA
62
```
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.
Select one:
A. 0.1; 0.01
B. 0.01; 0.1
C. 0.03; 0.3
D. 0.3; 0.15
```
D. 0.3 (adult), 0, 15 (child)
63
Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?
The environment in which the patient is found
64
What should you give a patient displaying respiratory depression and hypotension?
a. Activated charcoal
b. Naloxone
c. Phenobarbit
D. Codeine
B. Naloxone
65
```
Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:
A. acetylcholine and insulin.
B. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C. glucagon and noradrenaline.
D. norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
```
B. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
66
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:
A. Atrial contraction
B. Ventricular relaxation
C. Ventricular filling
D. Ventricular contraction
D. Ventricular contraction
67
Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
A. Cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations
B. Cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations
C. Warm, dry skin; abdominal pain; and deep; slow respirations
D. Warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia and rapid respirations
B. Cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations
68
Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:
A. Eats a regular meal following by a mild exertion
B. Markedly overeats and misses an insulin dose
C. Misses one or two prescribed insulin injections
D. Takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin
D. Takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin
69
When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:
Select one:
A. rate of the patient's pulse.
B. patient's mental status.
C. rate and depth of breathing.
D. presence of a medical identification tag.
C. Rate and depth of breathing
70
```
The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:
Select one:
A. bundle of His.
B. atrioventricular node.
C. sinoatrial node.
D. coronary sinus.
```
C. Sinoatrial Node
71
During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you know that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:
Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
72
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:
A. cardiogenic shock
B. neurogenic shock
C. septic shock
D. anaphylactic shock
A. Cardiogenic Shock
73
Which type of breath sound are you more likely to hear in a person with congestive heart failure?
Crackles
74
```
His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:
Select one:
A. epiglottitis.
B. pertussis.
C. bronchiolitis.
D. croup.
```
C. bronchiolitis.
75
```
Crackles (rales) are caused by _________.
Select one:
A. narrowing of the upper airways
B. severe bronchoconstriction
C. air passing through fluid
D. mucus in the larger airways
```
C. Air passing through fluid
76
On auscultation of a patient's lungs, you hear crackles. These lung sounds are caused by air passing through what?
Fluid in the lung and alveoli
77
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 minute
78
Atherosclerosis is defined as ___
A. constriction of blood vessels
B. dilation of the Arteries
C. the blockage of a coronary artery
D. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels
D. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels
79
Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________.
Anaphylactic shock
80
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?
Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.
81
You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:
Tuberculosis
82
You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should:
Select one:
A. ask him if the nitroglycerin patch he is wearing has improved his chest pressure, complete your secondary assessment, and transport promptly.
B. immediately remove the nitroglycerin patch, apply the AED in case he develops cardiac arrest, and transport to the closest hospital.
C. move the nitroglycerin patch to the other side of his chest in case you need to apply the AED, keep him warm, and transport without delay.
D. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport.
D. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport.
83
While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:
A. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital
B. cricumferentially tape a dressing around his chest
C. immediately perform a rapid head to toe exam
D. recognize that he needs a needle decompression
A. Administer oxygen and transport to the hospital
84
Where is abdominal injury most likely to occur in young children?
Liver
85
What is PEARRL?
Pupils equal and round, regular in size, react to light
86
```
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?
Select one:
A. Exacerbation of his COPD
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
C. Rupture of the diaphragm
D. Acute pulmonary embolism
```
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
87
You are attending to a 46-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. Shortly after you begin to render care, an ALS unit arrives and the transfer of care is made. The decision is made to start an intravenous line and administer medication. You should:
A. Clear space and if necessary, explain the procedure to the patient
B. Acknowledge that is no longer your patient and stand back, allowing ALS provider to work
C. ensure that enough assessments have been done to justify the decision
D. move out of the ALS providers way and clear the scene
A. Clear space and if necessary, explain the procedure to the patient
88
At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:
Mark off a danger zone around the downed lines
89
```
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
Select one:
A. Flat jugular veins
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Dependent edema
D. Labored breathing
```
C. Dependent edema
90
What is often the first sign of heat stroke
Change in behavior
91
You arrive at the scene and find the patient sitting under a tree in his garden; he is conscious, but confused. His wife tells you that he has been working outside all day. She further states that he refused to take a break and drink some water. Your assessment finds a flushed appearance; weak and rapid radial pulses; and hot, moist skin. Based on this, you suspect that your patient is suffering from
Heat stroke
92
```
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:
A. a lower airway obstruction
B. secretions in the airway
C. swelling of the upper airway
D. fluid in the alveoli
```
A. A lower airway obstruction
93
The E.M.T.'s first priority is
Personal Safety
94
Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used
When performing endotracheal intubation
95
```
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:
Select one:
A. right atrium.
B. left ventricle.
C. left atrium.
D. right ventricle.
```
A. Right atrium
96
Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should:
Advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification
97
```
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:
Select one:
A. diffusion.
B. oxygenation.
C. respiration.
D. ventilation.
```
D. ventilation.
98
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:
Air embolism
99
Which of the following conditions is an infant most likely to have?
Airway obstruction
100
What is the proper compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult two-rescuer CPR?
30:2
101
When performing CPR on an adult, you should compress the chest to what depth and at what a rate of compressions per minute
2 to 2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm); 100 to 120 compressions per minute
102
When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient
En route to the hospital
103
You are off duty at a park when you witness an apparently healthy 12-year-old child suddenly collapse. There are no bystanders around and your mobile phone is in your car. After confirming that the child is in cardiac arrest, you should:
Select one:
A. deliver five rescue breaths before starting chest compressions.
B. perform CPR for 2 minutes and then call 9-1-1.
C. call 9-1-1 and then return to begin CPR on the child.
D. perform chest compressions only until a bystander arrive
C. call 9-1-1 and then return to begin CPR on the child.
104
```
When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:
Select one:
A. with one or two hands.
B. until a radial pulse is felt.
C. to a depth of 1 to 2 inches.
D. 80 to 100 times per minute.
```
A. with one or two hands.
105
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
The body cannot commentate for rapid blood loss
106
In what phase of patient assessment do you determine MOI/NOI?
scene size up
107
The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it:
Pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation
108
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:
Select one:
A. sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent.
B. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position.
C. sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles.
D. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.
D. Lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen
109
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
Select one:
A. compensating for decreased blood glucose levels.
B. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.
C. severely hypoxic and is eliminating excess CO2.
D. trying to generate energy by breathing deeply.
B. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.
110
Your patient is in shock but the body’s defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called
A. compensated shock
B. irreversible shock
C. decompensated shock
D. late shock
A. Compensated shock
111
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
A. Should be placed in Trendelenburg position
B. Requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation
C. Is most likely experiencing severe blood loss.
D. Has most likely experienced a ruptured aorta
B. Requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation
112
A 38 year old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apnea. A co worker has shut off the power to the house. You should:
Begin CPR and AED
113
Anaphylaxis is most accurately defined as
Extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems
114
Epinephrine stimulates the ____ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm
A. parasympathetic
B. respiratory
C. Sympathetic
D. cardiac
C. Sympathetic
115
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Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?
A. Stridor
B. Rhonchi
C. Rales
D. Wheezing
```
A. Stridor
116
Signs of a sudden upper airway obstruction include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. grasping the throat
B. inability to speak
C. forceful coughing
D. acute cyanosis
C. Forceful coughing
117
Crackles (rale) are caused by
A. narrowing of the upper airways
B. severe bronchoconstrication
C. air passing through fluid
D. mucus in the larger airways
C. Air passing through fluid
118
The central nervous system is composed of the:
A. Motor and sensory nerves
B. spinal cord and sensory nerves
C. brain and sensory nerves
D. brain and spinal cord
D. brain and spinal cord
119
When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following MOST likely reveals the cause of the problem?
Medical history
120
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A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?
Select one:
A. His extremities are cold
B. Severe pulmonary edema
C. Increased body temperature
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
```
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
121
When using the rule of nines, which of the following do you need to include in your calculations?
Full and partial thickness burn
122
The phrenic nerve to control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at
c3, c4, and c5
123
Angina pectoris occurs when:
Select one:
A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.
B. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand.
C. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm.
D. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque
A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.
124
You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times
125
Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?
Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation
126
The recommended treatment for absorbed or contact poisons includes _________
Safety removing or diluting the poisonous substance
127
Why is a neonate's head more "moldable"?
Fontanelles have not yet fuse to form the skull
128
The central nervous system is composed of the:
A. Motor and sensory nerves
B. spinal cord and sensory nerves
C. brain and sensory nerves
D. brain and spinal cord
D. brain and spinal cord
129
The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
Diaphgragm
130
A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival?
```
Select one:
A. High-flow oxygen administration
B. Intravenous fluid administration
C. Rapid transport to a trauma center
D. Full immobilization of her spine
```
C. Rapid transport to a trauma center
131
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
A. contusion
B. abrasion
C. crush injury
D. hematoma
A. Contusion
132
What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"?
Heart, blood vessels, blood.
133
A 74 year old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144 / 84 and her heart rate is 110 beats / min. She two too prescribed nitroglycerin before your arrival but still feels heaviness in your chest. You should:
A. Give her high flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure and transport
B. recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times which may necessitate modification of dosing the certain drugs
C. assist in taking one more nitroglycerin tables, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions
D. transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin
B. recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times which may necessitate modification of dosing the certain drugs
134
You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale on a 60 year old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:
Repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms Into position yourself
135
The three major parts of the brain are in the:
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem
136
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66 year old male who, according to family members have suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apenic, and pulseless. You should:
A. perform CPR for 5 minutes before applying the AED
B. asses the patient for a facial droop and hemiparesis
C. obtain a blood glucose sample to rule out hypoglycemia
D. initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible
D. Initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible
137
Which of the following would indicate that the endotracheal tube is NOT in the trachea?
A. Decreased resistance when ventilating
B. absence of an end tidal co2 waveform
C. absence of sounds over the epigastrium
D. steady increase in the oxygen saturation
C. Absence of an end tidal co2 waveform
138
You responded to a house fire with the local fire department. They bring a 48-year-old woman out of the house. She is unconscious but her airway is open, her breathing is shallow at 30 breaths/min. Her pulse is 110 BPM, strong and regular. Her blood pressure is 108/72. She has been burned over 40% of her body. The burned area appears to be dry and leathery. It looks charred and has pieces of fabric embedded in the flesh. You know that this type of burn is considered a:
third - degree burn
139
An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain
140
Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
8
141
A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:
septic shock
142
You are assessing a patient who was in a front-end car crash. His GCS is 12, systolic blood pressure is 81 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 22 breaths/min. What is this patient's Revised Trauma Score?
10
143
Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:
A. 9
B. 8
C. 11
D. 10
A. 9
144
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:
A. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma
B. has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant
C. was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed
D. has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats / min
A. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma
145
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:
Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
146
he ___ connects each ovary with the uterus
Fallopain tubes
147
A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:
A. croup
B. epigolottis
C. bronchitis
D. asthma
A. croup
148
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Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:
A. in the ambulance
B. en route to the hospital
C. at the feet
D. at the head
```
C. at the feet
149
```
Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following except:
A. infection
B. Hypoglycemia
C. electrolyte imbalances
D. poisonings or ingestion
```
B. Hypoglycemia
150
```
Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child especially if he or she presents with:
A. extreme restlessness
B. skin that is cool and dry
C. acute respiratory distress
D. drooling or congestion
```
D. drooling or congestion
151
```
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?
Select one:
A. Exacerbation of his COPD
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
C. Rupture of the diaphragm
D. Acute pulmonary embolism
```
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
152
```
Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________.
Select one:
A. COPD drive
B. hypoxic drive
C. CO2 drive
D. alternate drive
```
B. hypoxic drive
153
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21 year old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:
A. pancreas
B. spleen
C. liver
D. gallbladder
B. spleen
154
Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood
A. right
B. left
C. ventricles
D. Atria
A. right
155
An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:
A. a progressively lowering blood pressure
B. acute unilateral paralysis following the injury
C. an acute increase in the patients pulse rate
D. a rapid deterioration of neurological signs
D. a rapid deterioration of neurological signs
156
When activated with sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects EXCEPT:
A. shunting of blood to vital organs
B. pupillary constriction
C. dilation of the bronchiole
D. increase in heart rate
B. pupillary constriction
157
You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from:
Select one:
A. bacterial infection of the epiglottis.
B. inflammation of the bronchioles.
C. inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and bronchospasm.
D. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
D. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
158
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?
Select one:
A. Pulmonary edema, history of hypertension, and anxiety
B. Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg
C. Difficulty breathing, two-word dyspnea, and tachycardia
D. Conscious and alert patient with an oxygen saturation of 85%
B. Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg
159
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
Select one:
A. there must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion.
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar–capillary membrane.
C. the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed.
D. the percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen.
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar–capillary membrane.
160
Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?
A. local swelling and ecchymosis
B. general weakness and diaphoresis
C. syncope and bleeding at distal sites
D. signs and symptoms of hypo perfusion
A. local swelling and ecchymosis
161
After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:
Select one:
A. transport her rapidly, as it is obvious that she is having a severe reaction to the epinephrine.
B. contact medical control and obtain authorization to administer another 0.3 mg of epinephrine.
C. monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.
D. consider administering 0.15 mg of epinephrine to completely resolve her allergic reaction.
C. monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.
162
Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?
Select one:
A. Routine spinal immobilization due to the potential for traumatic injury
B. Initiate basic life support measures, including the use of an automated external defibrillator, if necessary.
C. Position the patient's airway and initiate positive-pressure ventilations.
D. Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature.
D. Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature.
163
How do poisons typically act to harm the body?
Select one:
A. By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them
B. By interfering with normal neurologic function
C. By causing a slowing of nearly all bodily functions
D. By causing burns and damage to either external or internal organs
A. By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them
