NREMT practice questions Flashcards by victoria hughes

All of the following are signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, EXCEPT:

A. Melena

B. hemoptysis

C. tachycardia

D. hematemesis

B. hemoptysis

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A 65 year old man with stroke like symptoms is responsive only to deep painful stimuli and is making a snoring sound. His respiratory rate is 14 breaths / min and regular and oxygen saturation is 97%. What should you do?

A. ventilate him a bag mask device and oxygen

B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and keep him sitting up

C. suction his oropharynx and administer oxygen via nasal cannula

D. insert an oropharyngeal and position him on his left side.

B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and keep him sitting up

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A 9 month old infant presents with a cough, runny nose, and respiratory distress. A whoop sound is hear during inhalation. What should you suspect?

A. croup

B. pertussis

C. bronchiolitis

D. pneumonia

B. pertussis

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A 33 year old factory worker was crushed between two pieces of machinery. You find him lying supine on the ground complaining of severe pain to his pelvis. He is restless, diaphoretic, and tachycardic. What should you do?

A. Prepare for immediate transport

B. Perform a detailed secondary exam

C. carefully log roll him to check his back

D. palpate his pelvis to assess for crepitus

A. Prepare for immediate transport

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Which of the following statements regarding the automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct?

A. The AED should be applied patients at risk for cardiac arrest

B. AED will analyze the patients rhythm while CPR is in progress

C. The AED should not be used in patients with an implanted defibrillator

D. AED can safety be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age

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A newborn is considered to be premature if it:

A. weighs less than 6.5 pounds

B. is born before 37 weeks gestation

C. is born to a heroin addicted mother

D. has meconium in or around its mouth

B. is born before 37 weeks gestation

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Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker, which sets the normal rate for the heart?

A. Bundle of his

B. purkinje fibers

C. sinoatrial node

D. atrioventricular node

C. sinoatrial node

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If the patient could initially two pieces of equipment to the side of the patient in cardiac arrest, which of the following should he or she select?

A. AED and suction device

B. AED and oxygen cylinder

C. Pocket mask and oxygen cylinder

D. Bag valve mask and suction devices

A. AED and suction device

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You are the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake. Your initial attempt to recuse him should include:

A. throwing a rope to the victim

B. rowing a small raft to the victim

C. swimming to the victim to rescue him

D. reaching for the victim with a long object

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Which of the following will provide you with the MOST information regarding a head injured patients condition?

A. pupil size

B. heart rate

C. mental status

D. blood pressure

C. mental status

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While transporting a patient in a non emergency mode, the ambulance operator notices another motorist following too close behind. The ambulance operator should:

A. gently tap on the brakes to cause the motorist to slow his speed

B. slow the speed of the ambulance to encourage the motorist to pass

C. increase the speed of the ambulance to increase the cushion of safety

D. stop the ambulance and ask the motorist to maintain a safe distance.

B. slow the speed of the ambulance to encourage the motorist to pass

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Treatment for a patient with congestive heart failure and shortness of breath may include

A. prophylactic suctioning of the airway

B. hyperventilation with a bag valve mask

C.supine position and elevation of the legs

D. up to there doses of sublingual nitroglycerin

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After the baby’s head deliver, it is usually tilted

A. with the face up

B. posteriorly, face down

C. posteriorly, to one side

D. anteriorly, with the chin up

C. posteriorly, to one side

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Oxygen and other nutrients are transferred to the developing fetus via the:

A. umbilical vein

B. amniotic fluid

C. umbilical arteries

D. mothers livers

A. umbilical vein

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Which of the following clinical findings is MOST indicative of a skull fracture?

A. non reactive pupils

B. blood in the ear canal

C. decorticate posturing

D. increased blood pressure

B. blood in the ear canal

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Naloxone improves ventilation in a patient who overdosed on a opioid because it:

A. neutralizes the drug in the bloodstream

B. allows more oxygen to bind to hemoglobin

C. binds to receptor sites and prevents drug uptake

D. dilates the bronchioles and opens the airways.

C. binds to receptor sites and prevents drug uptake

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In contrast to an incision, a laceration:

A. is a jagged cut

B. is a superficial injury

C. bleeds more severely

D. usually involves an artery

A. is a jagged cut

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You are administering oxygen at 15 L/ min to a patient with respiratory distress. If you are using a D cylinder (cylinder constant, 0.16) which reads 1500 psi, how long will it take before you need to replace the oxygen cylinder?

A. 9 minutes

B. 11 minutes

C. 14 minutes

D. 18 minutes

C. 14 minutes

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intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

A. insufficient hemoglobin does not allow for adequate hemoglobin binding

B. blood flowing through the lung returns to the left side of the heart in a deoxygenated state

C. blood from the right side of the heart is oxygenated without passing through the lungs

D. too much carbon dioxide is removed from the blood as it passes through the lungs

B. blood flowing through the lung returns to the left side of the heart in a deoxygenated state

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After defibrillating a man in cardiac arrest, you rescue CPR. As you are about to reanalyze his cardiac rhythm 2 minutes later, your partner tells you can definitely feel a strong carotid pulse. You should:

A. continue with the rhythm analysis

B. assess the patients breathing effort

C. ask her to obtain a blood pressure reading

D. remove the AED pads from the patients chest

B. assess the patients breathing effort

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A 30 year old women is 22 weeks pregnant with her first child. She tells you that her rings are not fitting as loosely they usually do and that her ankles are swollen. Her blood pressure is 150 / 86 mm Hg. What should you suspect?

A. Preeclampsia

B. Gestational diabetes

C. A hypertensive emergency

D. A condition unrelated to pregnancy

A. Preeclampsia

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You should assist with the delivery of the baby’s head by:

A. carefully rotating its head where it is facing up when it delivers

B. placing the palm of your head firmly against the back of the baby’s skull

C. grasping each side of the baby’s head and gently pulling to facilitate delivery

D. placing your fingers on the bony part of the skull and applying gentle pressure

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Your partner has applied the AED to a cardiac arrest patient and has received a shock advised message. While the AED is charging, you should:

A. Continue chest compressions until your partner tells you to stand clear

B. perform rescue breathing only until the AED is charged and ready to shock

C. Cease all contact with the patient until the AED has delivered the shock

D. retrieve the airway equipment and prepare to ventilate the patient

A. Continue chest compressions until your partner tells you to stand clear

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While responding to a call for a child in cardiac arrest, the ambulance approaches a school bus that is stopped and has its red lights flashing. The ambulance operator should:

A. use a different siren tone, slow the ambulance to 20 mph and carefully pass the bus on the left

B. turn the siren off and wait for the bus driver to close the doors and turn the red flashing lights off

C. use the public address system to alert children to remain in the ambulances passes

D. turn off the lights and siren and carefully pass the bus on the right while watching carefully for children

B. turn the siren off and wait for the bus driver to close the doors and turn the red flashing lights off

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Damaged small blood vessels beneath the skin following blunt trauma cause: A. mottling B. cyanosis C. hematoma D. ecchymosis

D. ecchymosis

Which of the following signs is LEAST suggestive of a diabetic emergency? A. bradycardia B. tachycardia C. combativeness D. fruity breath odor

A. bradycardia

Following a call in which a 6 week old infant in cardiac arrest did not survive your partner has severe anxiety and is irritable. What should you do? A. Allow him to voice his feelings to you B. tell him he needs psychiatric help C. recommend at least 12 hours of sleep D. report his behavior to the medical director

A. Allow him to voice his feelings to you

You are assessing a 5 year old boy with major trauma. His blood pressure is 70/40 mm hg and his pulse rate is 140 beats / min and weak. The child's blood pressure A. indicates decompensated shock B. reflects adequate compensation C. is appropriate based on his age D. suggests increased intracranial pressure

A. indicates decompensated shock

In which of the following patients is nitroglycerin contraindicated? A. 41 year old male with crushing substernal chest pressure, a blood pressure of 160/90 and severe nausea B. 53 year old male with chest discomfort, diaphoresis, a blood pressure of 146/66 mm and regular use of levitra C. 58 year old male with chest pain radiating to the left arm, a blood pressure of 130/64, and prescribed tegretol D. 66 year old female with chest pressure of 6 hours duration, lightheadedness, and blood pressure of 110/58

B. 53 year old male with chest discomfort, diaphoresis, a blood pressure of 146/66 mm and regular use of levitra

During the triage process, which of the following injuries or conditions would classify a patient as a hight priority? A. pulselessness and apnea B. unilateral femur fracture and tachycardia C. partial thickness burns with no respiratory difficulty D. a large avulsions to the arm and an altered mental status

D. a large avulsions to the arm and an altered mental status

Your assessment of a 2 year old boy reveals he is not interacting normal and has poor muscle tone. His respirations are 30 breaths / min and unlabored and skin is pink. These findings suggest a problem with which of the following body systems? A. cardiac B. neurologic C. respiratory D. circulatory

B. neurologic

A 60 year old women presents with chest discomfort, confusion, and weakness. The patient's husband tells you that she vomited once before EMS arrival. The patient's BP is 70/40, per pulse is 45 beats / min and weak, and her respirations are 14 breaths/ min and unlabored. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of her hypotension? A. Bradycardia B. Hypovolemia C. Myocardial Ischemia D. Respiratory compromise

A. Bradycardia

You receive a call for a 3 month old infant who was found unresponsive by his mother when she woke up. The infant is pulseless and apnea and his skin is cold and pale. You should: A. Carefully inspect the environment in which the infant was found B. attempt full resuscitative measures and transport the infant to the hospital C. perform CPR for 10 minutes and then contact medical control for further direction D. withheld chest compressions but apply the AED to analyze the infants cardiac rhythm

A. Carefully inspect the environment in which the infant was found

Which of the following clinical findings is common with emphysema but not congestive heart failure? A. pursed lip breathing B. abdominal distention C. distended jugular veins D. pink, frothy sputum

A. pursed lip breathing

A man was struck in the side of the head with a steel pipe. Blood tinged fluid is draining from the ear and bruising appears behind the ears. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. elevating the lower extremities and providing immediate transport B. applying high flow oxygen and packing the ear with sterile gauze pads C. controlling the drainage from the ear and immobilizing the entire spine D. immobilizing the spine, administering oxygen, and monitoring for vomiting

D. immobilizing the spine, administering oxygen, and monitoring for vomiting

A 69 year old man is unresponsive. He has a weak carotid pulse at 40 beats / min and his skin is cool and pale. From this information, the EMT should conclude that: A. he is in ventricular fibrillation B. his cardiac output is reduced C. he has a blocked coronary artery D. his systolic BP is at least 90 mm Hg

B. his cardiac output is reduced

A behavior crisis is MOST accurately defined as: A. an acute psychiatric emergency characterized by violent behavior, mood swings and a loss of connection B. a chronic mental health problem in which the patient experiences frequent thoughts of suicide or other self destructive behavior C. a persistent feeling of sadness, despair, or hopelessness that incapacitates the patient and prevents him or her from interacting socially D. Any reaction to an event that interferes with the activities of daily living or has become unacceptable to the patient, family, or community

D. Any reaction to an event that interferes with the activities of daily living or has become unacceptable to the patient, family, or community

You are transporting a 30 year old man who is experiencing an emotional crisis. The patient does not speak when you ask him questions. How should your respond to his unwillingness to speak? A. remain silent until the patient speaks to you B. continually encourage the patient to talk to you C. tell the patient that you cannot help if he will not talk D. Do not speak to the patient even if he begins to speak to you

A. remain silent until the patient speaks to you

A man was kicked in the head and chest and stabbed in the abdomen. He is conscious but restless and is coughing up blood. His breathing is rapid and shallow, his skin is cool and pale, and his pulse is rapid and weak. The EMT should recognize that the patient's signs and symptoms are MOST likely the result of: A. non patent airway B. Internal hemorrhage C. A spinal cord injury D. severe brain trauma

B. Internal hemorrhage

During your assessment of a trauma patient, you note massive facial injuries, weak radial pulses, and clammy skin. What should be your MOST immediate concern? A. Potential obstruction of the airway B. internal bleeding and severe shock C. applying 100% supplemental oxygen D. providing rapid transport to a trauma center

A. Potential obstruction of the airway

Because of the property of automaticity, cardiac muscle cells are able to: A. contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source B. rest for up to 2 minutes before initiating another electrical impulse C. survive for long periods of time if oxygen does not reach the heart D. generate an electrical impulse from the same pacemaker every time

A. contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source

A 45 year old male complains of shortness of breath that began suddenly. He tells the EMT that he has a condition called thrombophilia. What should you suspect? A. pulmonary embolism B. acute bronchospasm C. congestive heart failure D. Intrapulmonary bleeding

A. pulmonary embolism

Which of the following statements regarding one rescuer CPR is correct? A. You should assess the patient for a pulse after 3 cycles of CPR B. A compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered C. Ventilations should be delivered over a period of 2 to 3 seconds D.The chest should be allowed to fly recoil after each compression

D.The chest should be allowed to fly recoil after each compression

Which of the following situations would MOST likely impair oxygenation, despite the fact that the patient is inhaling and exhaling? A. Limb amputation B. Intracranial hemorrhage C. acute myocardial infarction D. entrapment in a mine

D. entrapment in a mine

In patients with heart disease, acute coronary syndrome is MOST often the result of: A. atrial damage B. atherosclerosis C. coronary artery spasm D. coronary artery rupture

B. atherosclerosis

Which of the following patients would MOST likely present with vague or unusual symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction? A. 55 year old obese female B. 66 year old male with angina C. 72 old year female with diabetes D. 75 year old Mae with hypertension

C. 72 old year female with diabetes

With regard to the electrocardiogram (EGG), what is artifact? A. Significant abnormality discovered by the paramedic B. The complete absence of electrical activity on the EGG C. Electrical interference that can make diagnosis difficult D. Improper lead placement, resulting in misdiagnosis

C. Electrical interference that can make diagnosis difficult

Aspirin is beneficial to patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome because it: A. Prevents a clot from getting larger B. Effectively relieves their chest pain C. Decreases cardiac workload by lowering the BP D. destroys the clot that is blocking a coronary artery

A. Prevents a clot from getting larger

A man was cut on the left side of the neck and is bleeding heavily from the wound. His airway is patent and his breathing is adequate. You should immediately: A. Apply high flow oxygen via a non breathing mask at 15 L/min B. apply a tight pressure dressing and secure it in place with tape C. perform a head to toe assessment to find and treat other injuries D. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing and apply direct pressure

D. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing and apply direct pressure

Which of the following would be the MOST significant finding in a 2 month old infant who is dehydrated? A. Dry mucous membranes B. Absence of tear production C. Delayed capillary refill time D. Heart rate of 130 beats / min

C. Delayed capillary refill time

What type of injury occurs hen a joint is twisted or stretched beyond its normal range of motion, resulting in swelling but no deformity? A. Sprain B. Strain C. Fracture D. Dislocation

A. Sprain

What is the function of pulmonary surfactant? A. It carries fresh oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart B. It dilates the bronchioles in the lungs and enhances the flow of air C. It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand the recoil D. The facilitates the production of mucus; which is expelled during coughing

C. It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand the recoil

After an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubated by a paramedic, you are providing ventilations as your partner performs chest compressions. When ventilating the patient, you should: A. Deliver 2 breaths during a brief pause in chest compressions B. Deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths / min C. Hyperventilate the patient to maximize carbon dioxide elimination D. deliver each breath over 2 seconds at a rate of 15 breaths / min

B. Deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths / min

While you are inside a crashed vehicle assessing a patient who is entrapped, the rescue team should be: A. awaiting specific instructions from you as to how to proceed with the extrication process B. Assessing exactly how the patient is trapped and determining the safest way to extricate him or her C. Actively extracting the patient using whichever extrication method they deem necessary D. Preparing for a simple extrication process since you were obviously able to access the patient

B. Assessing exactly how the patient is trapped and determining the safest way to extricate him or her

During triage of multiple patients at a bus crash, you encounter a young male who is hysterical because he believes he caused the accident. Other than minor abrasions to his arms and face, he has no other apparent injuries. What should you do? A. assign him an immediate priority and remove him from the site B. Ask another uninjured patient to stay with the patient at all times C. direct him to go to the area where the walking wounded patients are D. Remain with him until he is calm and then assign him a delayed category

A. assign him an immediate priority and remove him from the site

The preferred method for inserting an oropharyngeal airway in a small child is to: A. insert the airway with curvature tower the roof of the mouth then rate it 180 degrees B. Depress the tongue with a tongue blade and insert the airway with the downward curve facing the tongue C. Open the airway with the tongue jaw lift maneuver and insert the airway until you meet slight resistance D. Insert the airway as you would in an adult but use an airway the is one size smaller than you would normally use

B. Depress the tongue with a tongue blade and insert the airway with the downward curve facing the tongue

Which of the following is a complication associated with renal failure? A. uremia B. cystitis C. renal calculi D. Low potassium

A. uremia

When triaging patients at a mass casualty incident, you encounter a 4 year old child who is breathing at a rate of 54 breaths / min. What should you do? A. Apply high flow oxygen B. Tag the child as immediate C. Assess for distal pulses D. ventilate with a bag mask device

B. Tag the child as immediate

When an electrical impulse reaches the atrioventricular node, it is briefly delayed so that: A. The aortic value can open B. Both the atria can relax C. the ventricles can contract D. Ventricular filling can occur

D. Ventricular filling can occur

When providing care to multiple patients at the scene of a mass casualty incident, your goal should remain focused on: A. transporting patients to the hospital B. immobilizing all patients at the scene C. initiating CPR for those patients in cardiac arrest D. keeping all bystanders at a safe distance

A. transporting patients to the hospital

A5 year old boy was struck by a car and is found lying 15 feet away. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury, you should suspect that the primary injury occurred to the: A. Head B. Pelvis C. Lower legs D. Upper thorax

B. Pelvis

To ensure you deliver the highest concentration of oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask, you should: A. Set the flow rate to at least 10 to 12 L/min B. securely fasten the mask to the patient's face C. Makes sure that the reservoir bag is preinflated D. Cover the one way valves on the oxygen mask

C. Makes sure that the reservoir bag is preinflated

Clinically, reduced tidal volume would MOST likely present with respirations that are: A. deep B. Slow C. Shallow D. Eupneic

C. Shallow

Which of the following injury mechanisms is associated with hangings? A. Distraction B. subluxation C. axial loading D. hyperextension

A. Distraction

Naloxone improves ventilation in a patient who overdosed an opioid because it: A. Neutralizes the drug in the bloodstream B. Allows more oxygen to bind in hemoglobin C. Binds to receptor sites and prevents drug uptake D. Dilates the bronchiole sand opens the lower airways

C. Binds to receptor sites and prevents drug uptake

As soon as you begin transport of a patient to the hospital, you should: A. Contact medical control B. notify the receiving facility C. advise dispatch of your status D. conduct a detailed examination

C. advise dispatch of your status

You are transporting a 35 year old male who has a history of alcoholism. He stopped drinking 4 days ago and is now disoriented, diaphoretic, and tachycardic. This patient is at risk for: A. Schizophrenia B. Hypothermia C. Hyperglycemia D. Tonic - clonic seizures

D. Tonic - clonic seizures

Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include: A. Unequal pupils, irregular pulse, and pallor B. Ringing in the ears, headache, and epistaxis C. Chest discomfort, weak pulses, and cool skin D. vomiting without nausea, and hemiparesis

B. Ringing in the ears, headache, and epistaxis

A 16 year old, 125 pound male ingested a bottle of aspirin approximately 20 minutes ago. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal in a dose of 1 g/ kg. How much activated charcoal should you administer? A. 51 g B. 54 g C. 57 g D. 60g

C. 57 g

At the scene of a mass - casualty incident in which the incident command system has been established, an EMT arrives in his personal vehicle and begins treating patients independently. This EMT's action would MOST likely lead to: A. Reduced efficiency of the operation B. Faster treatment of critical patient C. Rapid identification of critical patients D. Faster transport of the critically injured

A. Reduced efficiency of the operation

A 57 year old male presents with flu - like symptoms. He is conscious and alert; his skin is pink, warm, and dry; and he denies chest pain or respiratory distress. During your assessment, you cannot feel radial or carotid pulses, and are unable to obtain a blood pressure. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? A. He is in the advanced stages of shock B. He has a left ventricular assist device C. He has a dissecting aortic aneurysm D. He recently had a coronary artery bypass

B. He has a left ventricular assist device

Which of the following statements regarding crowning is correct? A. Crowning represents the end of the second stage of labor B. Gentle pressure should be applied to the baby's head during crowning C. It is safe to transport the patient during crowning if the hospital is close D. Crowning always occurs immediately after the amniotic sac has ruptured

B. Gentle pressure should be applied to the baby's head during crowning

A 40 year old man has burns to the entire head, anterior chest, and both anterior upper extremities. Using the adult rule of nines, what percentage of his total body surface has been burned? A. 18 B. 27 C. 36 D. 45

B. 27 Head = 9 Anterior chest = 9 Anterior upper extremities = 4.5%

A women struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car collided with a tree. She is conscious and alert; however, she is tachypneic and diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and irregular. What should you do? A. Apply the AED and administer oxygen B. Administer oxygen and protect her spine D. Administer oxygen and position her on her side D. Ventilate with a bag mask device and apply a c - color

B. Administer oxygen and protect her spine

Which of the following would MOST likely cause a rapid drop in a patient'd blood glucose level? A. mild exertion after eating a meal B. eating a meal after taking insulin C. Taking too much prescribed insulin D. Forgetting to take prescribe insulin

C. Taking too much prescribed insulin

During a soccer game, an 18 year old women injured her knee. Her knee is in a flex position and is obviously deformed. You should: A. assess circulatory function distal to her injury B. straighten the one to facilitate immobilization C. manually stabilize the leg above and below the knee D. immobilize the knee in the position in which it was found

C. manually stabilize the leg above and below the knee

Patients who abuse opioids by injecting them are also at risk for: A. Hepatits A B. Tuberculosis C. Hepatitis C D. Schizophrenia

C. Hepatitis C

You will know the third stage of labor has began when: A. At the placenta has delivered B. The entire baby has delivered C. The mother's contractions become regular D. the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening

B. The entire baby has delivered

Which of the following sets of vital signs is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure in a patient with a head injury? A. BP, 84/42 mm Hg, pulse, 60 beats/min, respirations, 32 breaths/min B. BP, 176/98 mm Hg, pulse, 50 beats /min, respirations, 10 breaths /min C. BP, 92/60 mm HG, 120 beats min; respirations, 24 breaths / min D. BP, 160/72 mm Hg; pulse, 100 beats/min; respirations, 12 breaths /min

B. BP, 176/98 mm Hg, pulse, 50 beats /min, respirations, 10 breaths /min

After 30 seconds of positive pressure ventilation, a new born's heart rate is 50 beats / min and its face and trunk are cyanotic. The EMT should: A. Give blow by oxygen B. Begin chest compressions C. increase the ventilation rate D. resuction the mouth and nose

B. Begin chest compressions

When assessing and treating a patient with a gunshot wound, you should routinely: A. Apply ice directly to the wound B. Determine why the patient was shot C. look for the presence of an exit wound D. evaluate the pulses proximal to the wound

C. look for the presence of an exit wound

According to the United States Department of transpiration (USDOT), minimum staffing for a basic life support ambulance includes: A. an EMT who functions as the driver B. at least one EMT in the patient compartment C. at least two EMT's in the patient compartment D. a minimum of two EMT's in the ambulance

B. at least one EMT in the patient compartment

A 6 month old infant with a head injury moans in response to pain. According to the modified Glasgow coma scale for infants, what score should be assigned for verbal response? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B. 2

Which of the following assessment findings would indicate primary central nervous system dysfunction in an infant or small child? A. Nasal flaring B. Easily distracted C. Pale extremities D. Poor muscle tone

D. Poor muscle tone

The middle, muscular layer of the heart is called the: A. epicardium B. Pericardium C. Myocardium D. Endocardium

C. Myocardium

The active, muscular part of breathing is called: A. expiration B. Inhalation C. Ventilation D. Respiration

B. Inhalation

Compared to nonpregat women, other wise healthy pregnant women are at greater risk for: A. Joint dislocations B. Type 1 diabetes C. pathologic fractures D. congestive heart failure

A. Joint dislocations

An elderly man is found lying unresponsive in his garage. The patient's wife did not witness the event that led to his unresponsiveness. You should: A. assess the patient's respirations B. apply supplemental oxygen C. throughly suction his oropharynx D. grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift

D. grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift

A 32 year old man who was stung by a bee has diffuse hives, facial swelling, and difficulty breathing. When he breathes, you hear audible stridor. What does this indicate? A. Swelling of the upper airway structures B. Swelling of the lower airway structures C. Narrowing of the two mainstem bronchi D. Narrowing of the bronchioles in the lung

A. Swelling of the upper airway structures

You are the first ambulance to arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle crash. As you approach the scene, you see the three patients: two have been ejected from their vehicles and the other is still in his vehicle. You should: A. Begin triaging and treating most critically injured patients B. request additional ambulances to respond to the scene C. call medical control and apprise him or her of the situation D. notify the local trauma center so personnel there can prepare for the patients

B. request additional ambulances to respond to the scene

A 66 year old male with a history of COPD presents with respiratory distress. Assessment reveals he is conscious but is tired and fatigued. His breathing is labored and shallow, his pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is cool and pale. The EMT should: A.apply high flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask B. begin assisting his breathing with a bag mask device C. insert a nasal airway and reassess his breathing effort D. give oxygen via nasal cannula and auscultate his lungs

B. begin assisting his breathing with a bag mask device

Activated charcoal may be indicated following an ingestion of: A. Lithium B. Gasoline C. anti - freeze D. ibuprofen

D. ibuprofen

Which of the following is an obvious sig of respiratory distress? A. Retractions above and below the clavicles B. Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths / min C. Heart rate is greater than 100 beats / min D. Skin that is pale, moist, and clammy

A. Retractions above and below the clavicles

A patient has an open chest wound, which has been covered with an occlusive dressing. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/ min by nonrebreathing mask. During transport, the patient heart rate increases, he becomes pale and diaphoretic and his oxygen saturation falls. What should you do? A. remove the occlusive dressing B. Ventilate with a bag mask device C. Increase the oxygen to 15 L/min D. Encourage him to take keep breaths

A. remove the occlusive dressing

A patient with a spinal injury may still be able to use his or her diaphragm to breathe, but would lose control of the intercostal muscles, if the spinal cord is injured: A. Above the c3 level B. Between c1 and c2 C. Above the c5 level D. below the c5 level

D. below the c5 level

What does pulse oximetry measure? A. Carbon Monoxide levels B. Oxygen levels in the tissues C. percentage of hound D. Oxygen levels the lungs

C. percentage of hound

Which of the following patients obviously need positive pressure ventilation assistance? A. Combative; respiratory rate of 24 breaths / min and deep B. Semiconscious, respiratory rate of 14 breaths / min and good chest rise C. Restless; respiratory rate of 12 breaths / min with adequate tidal volume D. Responsive to pain only; respiratory rate of 8 breaths / min and shallow

D. Responsive to pain only; respiratory rate of 8 breaths / min and shallow

Which of the following is considered minimum personal protective equipment (PPE) when suctioning an unresponsive patients airway? A. Gloves and mask B. Gloves and full facial protection C.Gloves, gown, and eye protection D. Gloves, head cover, and eye protection

B. Gloves and full facial protection

A 33 year old factory was crushed between two pieces of machinery. You find him lying supine on the ground complaining of severe pain to his pelvis. He is restless, diaphoretic, and tachycardic. What should you do? A. Prepare for immediate transport B. Perform a detailed secondary exam C. Carefully log roll him to check his back D. Palpate his pelvis to assess for crepitus

A. Prepare for immediate transport

Which of the following is MOST indicative of a primary cardiac problem? A. tachypnea B. tachycardia C. irregular pulse D. sudden fainting

C. irregular pulse

To maintain neutral alignment of an 18 month old child's airway, you should: A. hyperextend the head B. slightly flex the head C. place a rolled towel under the back of the head D. place padding in between the shoulder blades

D. place padding in between the shoulder blades

Which of the following drugs can cause or worsen excited delirium? A. Heroin B. Cocaine C. Ketamine D. Marijuana

B. Cocaine

While performing a visual inspection of a 30 year old women in labor, you can see the umbilical cord at the vagina opening. What should you do? A. massage the uterus to facilitate delivery of the fetus B. relieve pressure from the cord with the gloved fingers C. place the mother on her left side and provide rapid transport D. elevate the mother's lower extremities and provide rapid transport

B. relieve pressure from the cord with the gloved fingers

You are called to a local state park where a hiker fell from a cliff into a thick, wooded area with rough terrain. It is cold and fogy and a thunderstorm is approaching. You will MOST likely move the patient to the ambulance by: A. Placing the patient in a basket stretcher and using at least four people to carry him to the ambulance B. Bringing the ambulance stretcher to the patient, loading him onto it, and removing him from the wooded area C. assisting the patient in walking from the wooded area to the ambulance if his injuries are not life threatening D. requesting a helicopter to hoist the patient out of the wooded area and carry him to a. site near the ambulance

A. Placing the patient in a basket stretcher and using at least four people to carry him to the ambulance

What phase of the cardiac cycle is defined by relaxation of the myocardium? A. Calcium influx phase B. Uptake phase C. Systolic phase D. Diastolic phase

D. Diastolic phase

``` Which of the following arteries, if palpated, is most accurate at dissecting the presence of a patient’s pulse? A. The carotid artery B. The radial artery C. The femoral artery D. The inguinal artery ```

A. The carotid artery

Where does the blood go once it leaves the right ventricle of the heart? A. To the coronary arteries then to the body B.To the aorta then to the body C. To the pulmonary veins then to the lungs D. To the pulmonary arteries then to the lungs

D. To the pulmonary arteries then to the lungs

``` Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? A. Pulmonary artery B. Superior vena cava C. Inferior vena cava D. Pulmonary vein ```

D. Pulmonary vein

What phase of the cardiac cycle results in the papale pulse that is felt in the arteries? A. Concentric phase B. Diastolic phase C. Systolic phase D. Eccentric phase

C. Systolic phase

Which of the following blood vessels returns blood from the upper body to the heart? A. The jugular veins B. The common carotid C. The superior vena cava D. The cardinal veins

C. The superior vena cava

``` What component of the blood carries the majority of carbon dioxide away from the cells? A. The white blood cells B. The red blood cells C. The plasma proteins D. The circulating h20 ```

B. The red blood cells

Which of the following blood vessels connects directly to the heart? A. The inferior vena cava B. The abdominal aorta C. The carotid artery D. The jugular veins

A. The inferior vena cava

Which of the following structures lies between the trachea and epiglottis? A. The oropharynx B.The bronchioles C. The carina D. The vocal cords

D. The vocal cords

``` What is the tracheal structure that is a thin cartilaginous flap that allows air into the trachea and closes whenever food or drink is present in the pharynx? A. Hyoid B. Epiglottis C. Larynx D. Cricoid ```

B. Epiglottis

``` A patient involved in an MVA is having difficulty breathing. Their airway is clear and they stabilize with positive pressure ventilation. There is no evident spinal injury. Which of the following nerves is most likely to be damaged? A. The lateral spinal cord B. The intercostal nerves C. The paraspinal nerves D. The phrenic nerves ```

D. The phrenic nerves

You are a BLS truck transporting a patient who sustained a stab wound to the neck. Your transport is staffed by an EMR and EMT. Your patient has been losing blood through transport despite proper treatment. Vital signs are as follows: HR 150 RR 31 BP54/31. You estimate 35 minutes remaining on transport. What is the next best step? A. Arrange for ALS intercept B. Continue transport to your destination C. Assume a high risk of abnormal heart rhythm and set up for electric cardioversion D. Increase frequency of patient assessments

A. Arrange for ALS intercept

``` A Patient with notable blood loss is continuing to derage. What is the first sign this patient is going into hypotensive shock? A. Low blood pressure B. Rapid breathing C. Signs of organ failure D. Reduced peripheral pulses ```

B. Rapid breathing

What information is the most vital to hospital providers in the treatment of a patient with a mild external bleeding A. Mechanism of injury B.Past medical history C. Patients vital signs through transport D. Volume of administered IV fluids

B.Past medical history

You are dispatched to a 44 year old male that has partially amputated his right arm. You can feel a weak radial pulse and his arm is cool to the touch. Dark red blood is flowing heavily from the wound. Which of the following are the next best steps in controlling the bleeding? A. Pack sterile 4x4s into the wound until bleeding is controlled then splint the extremity B. Apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury and tighten until the bleeding stops C. Apply bulky compressing dressings to the wound and splint the extremity D. Control the bleeding, manipulate the arm to improve circulation, and apply a splint.

C. Apply bulky compressing dressings to the wound and splint the extremity

``` You are completing a primary survey on an unconscious patient who sustained trauma to the face from a steering wheel during a motor vehicle accident. Her airway is clear, chest rise is symmetrical, pulses are present in all extremities. You note bleeding from the nose and significant bruising / burning of the face from the airbag. On exam, HR is 101, RR 18, and BP 120 / 80. A full head to toe and neuro exam show no abnormalities other than what was noted on the primary survey. What element of the ABCs is most likely to become compromised in this patient if appropriate steps are not taken? A. Airway B. Breathing C. Circulation D. Disability ```

A. Airway

Your patient is an 18 year old male with a stab wound to the chest, there is no impaled object, you are unsure if there is bubbling from the wound due to the large volume of blood in the area. Which of the following best describes the treatment for this puncture wound? A. Apply direct pressure and assist ventilation B. Administer epinephrine for peripheral vasoconstriction C. Apply occlusive dressing and seal on all 4 sides D. Apply occlusive dressing, seal on 3 sides.

D. Apply occlusive dressing, seal on 3 sides.

A patient has an impaled object in the right groin ( inguinal area). What findings would you expect to see in the right lower extremity if there is damage to the vasculature? A. Severe hypovolemia and signs of shock B. Diminished or absent pulses below the wound C. Absence of sensation in the area around the wound D. Decreased pulses to all extremities

B. Diminished or absent pulses below the wound

A patient fell from a 30 foot ladder and sustained a wound in the chest that resulted in expelling blood with respiration and producing noise with inspiration. Which of the following is the best first step to take in treating this patient? A. Clear airway with chin lift and jaw thrust B. Apply a 3 way occlusive dressing to the chest wound C. Apply a cervical collar and secure the patient to a spinal board D. Begin chest compressions

B. Apply a 3 way occlusive dressing to the chest wound

You are transferring a patient with a pneumothorax to a higher level of care. While initially stable on 15 L/min of 02 via non rebreather, your patient is now showing signs of acute hypoxemia. What are the next best steps in treatment? A. Protect patient’s airway with nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway B. ALS intercept for management by paramedic level providers C. Increase oxygen flow to 20 L/min D. Switch to bag mask ventilation

D. Switch to bag mask ventilation

At the scene of a violent event a patient with a stab wound requires transport. ABCs and vitals are stable but there is an 8 - cm linear wound in the left chest wall at the level of the 7th intercostal space. It alternates between producing blood and making a gurgling sound with respiration. Your ambulance is not equipped with the usual resources to handle this injury. What resource do you need to locate to prevent this injury from worsening? A. section of tubing and a scalpel or sharp instrument to introduce the tubing into the chest wall B. An absorbent and preferably sterile dressing to place over the wound C. A dressing that is impermeable to air and the means to adhere it to the skin D. A needle long enough to traverse the chest wall and wide enough to decompress air in the chest

C. A dressing that is impermeable to air and the means to adhere it to the skin

You are called to a rodeo where an employee was crushed against a wall by a bull. Airway and circulation are intact, but breathing is punctuated by shortness of breath and pain with inspiration, there are crackles in the lower lung bases bilaterally. The patient is holding his chest and has tenderness to palpation diffusely. What is the likely injury this patient has sustained? A. Pulmonary contusion B. Pneumothorax C. Hemothorax D. Flail chest

A. Pulmonary contusion

Why is gentle pressure to the ribcage used in the assessment of the chest trauma? A. Invoke a vagal reaction B. Identify risk of flail chest C. Maintain a constant mediastinum pressure D. Identify referred pain

B. Identify risk of flail chest

You are called to treat a 16 year old male with a blunt injury to the abdomen, the patient is coughing up bright red blood. Which of the following is most likely present? A. Intraabdominal hemorrhage B. Severe myocardial damage C. Gastrointestinal bleeding D. Bleeding within the lungs

D. Bleeding within the lungs

Why is hypotension a late sign in hemorrhage? A. Compensatory mechanism are attempting to mitigate the hypotension B. Shunting blood from the brain and heart C. Arrhythmias D. Neurological damage

A. Compensatory mechanism are attempting to mitigate the hypotension

While assessing a trauma patient you note the presence of paradoxical motion of the chest during exhalation. Which of the following injuries should you suspect? A. A fractured mandible B. A sternal fracture C. A spinal fracture D. A flail chest / fib fracture

D. A flail chest / rib fracture

You are treating a 23 year old male patient for sudden onset chest pain and difficulty breathing. On auscultation of his lungs, you note that he has diminished breath sounds on the left side. What condition do you suspect? A. Acute myocardial infarction B. Pulmonary effusion C. Spontaneous penumothroax D. Tension pneumothorax

C. Sponaneous penumothroax

You are on scene of an industrial accident that left an employee with a puncture wound to his left chest. First responders placed a pressure dressing on the wound and taped it securely into place. On your arrival, the patient is unconscious with jugular vein distention and tracheal deviation to the right. Lung sounds are decreased on the left side. You should: A. Lay him on his left side with his head down and apply 02 via non rebreather B.Replace the pressure dressing with an occlusive and tape only 3 sides to ensure air escape and apply 02 C. Ensure pressure dressing is controlling bleeding and no air is escaping and apply 02 D. Lay him on his right side and apply 02 via non rebreather

B.Replace the pressure dressing with an occlusive and tape only 3 sides to ensure air escape and apply 02

After an MVA, your partner is found to have paradoxical chest wall movement during spontaneous respirations. Which of the following should be considered? A. An aortic injury B. A severe closed head injury C.A flail chest D. A pneumothorax

C. A flail chest

At an MVA, you discover an unconscious adult male with paradoxical movement of the left chest wall, crepitus on palpation of the thorax, and signs of hypoxia. Which of the following is most likely the cause of the findings? A. A tension pneumothorax from the blunt trauma associated with an MVA B. Fractured ribs from a seat belt injury C. A flail rib section from blunt trauma D.A sternal fractures from impact with the steering wheel

C. A flail rib section from blunt trauma

Which of these conditions is defined as three or more ribs in 2 or more places and is best treated by positive pressure ventilation? A. Tension pneumothorax B. Massive hemothorax C. Flail chest D. Simple pneumothorax

C. Flail chest

Mr. Doe is a 27 year old male who presents with a. small tree branch in the lower abdomen following a violent encounter. Which of the following treatments is the best initial treatment to minimize the complications of his injury? A. Prompt removal and deep pressure over the wound site B. Turning him on his side to asses the back for codominant injury C. Layering of gauze around the object anchoring it in place D. Removal of the external protruding elements of the object internal pieces in place

C. Layering of gauze around the object anchoring it in place

What is the definitive treatment for exposed loops of bowel in the setting of abdominal injury? A. Application of an abdominal brace B. Manual reduction and suturing of skin in the emergency room C. Placement of an occlusive pressure dressing D. Transport to a trauma capable surgical center

D. Transport to a trauma capable surgical center

In the event of an open abdominal wound, which organs are most likely to extravasate from the body? A. Intestines B. Liver C. Spleen D. Kidneys

A. Intestines

A motor vehicle accident leads to a significant blunt trauma of two upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which of the following organs is the most likely to exhibit injury in this patient? A. The liver B. The Kidneys C. The diaphragm D. The intestines

A. The liver

On a cold December day you and your partner are dispatched to a local department store for an infant left unattended in a vehicle. Once PD has gained entry into the car you find a pale, cold, lethargic infant. His respiratory rate is 10 and irregular. He has a heart rate of 70 with weak central pulses. Your immediate action should be: A. Obtain IV access B. Give blow by NRB set at 15 lpm C. Start compressions D. Start ventilating the patient with a BVM

D. Start ventilating the patient with a BVM

You are assessing a 50 year old male who is experiencing respiratory distress. The patient has a history of COPD and hypertension. He appears cyanotic, drowsy, and weak; with shallow and labored breathing. Which of the following is the best first step in the treatment of this patient? A. Check his Spo02 and blood pressure B. Assess his blood sugar C. Immediately administer any COPOD related medications he normally takes D. Immediately assist ventilation with BVM and 100% 02

D. Immediately assist ventilation with BVM and 100% 02

A 66 year old male has fallen from a tree while trimming limbs. On arrival at the patient, he is semi conscious and somewhat cyanotic around the lips and nail beds. Which of the following should be done first? A. Open his airway with the head tilt -chin lift technique B. Open his airway with a jaw thrust technique C. Apply 02 via a NRB @ 15 7pm D. Immediately insert an nasal airway

B. Open his airway with a jaw thrust technique

A 28 year old trauma patient was involved in a rollover MVA. He is conscious, denies loss of consciousness, and answers your questions. He appears confused to time /date and location but he is able to obey your commands. Which of the following would be the most appropriate score according to the limited information? A. 3, 4, 5 = 12 total GCS B. 5,6,6 = 17 total GCS C. 4,4,6 = 14 total GCS D. 4, 5, 6 = 15 total GCS

C. 4,4,6 = 14 total GCS

Your 72 year old patient opens his eyes spontaneously, responds but is confused about time and place but can follow physical commands correctly. What should you determine his GCS to be? A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 15

C. 14

You are responding to the scene of a patient who was shot in the head during a bar fight while drunk. Dispatch reports the patient is conscious and breathing, with moderate ongoing blood loss. What combination of GCS and LOC do you expect upon arrival? A. Low GCS and elevated LOC B. Low GCS and depressed LOC C. High GCS and elevated LOC D. High GCS and depressed LOC

B. Low GCS and depressed LOC

The revised trauma score is used to identify patients who need care at high level trauma centers. What clinical information should you use in the assessment of this score? A. The latest re - assessment of patients status B. The patient's initial assessment C. The assessment taken just before beginning transport D. No assessment data; instead, use the MOI and likelihood of severe injury

B. The patient's initial assessment

The revised trauma score should be based on: A. The patient’s subjective presentation B. The vital signs obtained from the patient C. The secondary assessment of the patient D. The heart rate of the patient

B. The vital signs obtained from the patient

Each of the following physical findings indicates the need for immediate transport EXCEPT? A. Fractured right femur B. Partial thickness burns involving 9 percent of total body surface area C. Adult with the following vital signs: Blood pressure 80 by palpation, heart rate 130, and respiratory rate 12 D. Revised trauma score 12

D. Revised trauma score 12

Paradoxical underdressing occurs when there is a malfunction of the hypothalamus or loss of vasomotor tone, making the victim feel as if they are overheated. Paradoxical undressing is most likely found in patients with which of the following conditions? A. Hypothermia and vasoconstriction failure B.Hyperthermia and Vasodilation failure C. Hyperreflexia D. Hypovolemia

A. Hypothermia and vasoconstriction failure

Your patient was found in the park, in the rain, after missing for 12 hours in 48 degree weather. If the patient is found to be hypodermic, what is the first thing you should do to help the patient? A. Start rewarming immediately B. Apply oxygen therapy C. Check rectal body temps D. Remove all well garmets

D. Remove all well garmets

You are dispatched to a river where an 18 year old male was pulled out of the water just prior to your arrival. His core temp is 85 and his ECG indicates ventricular fibrillation. Which of the following best describes his condition? A. Mild hypothermia B. Moderate C. hypothermia D. Severe hypothermia Death

D. Severe hypothermia | Death

You are dispatched to a local nursing home for a 70 year female patient complaining of shortness of breath. Her lips and nail beds are cyanotic. Which of the following is the best definition of cyanosis? A. A red blotchy pattern in an area of skin B. A greyish / clammy appearance to the skin C. A mottled patch of skin D. An area of blue skin discoloration

D. An area of blue skin discoloration

A once stable patient who survived an avalanche is exhibiting a reduced level of consciousness while being evacuated via helicopter. ABC’s are notable for a thready pulse and rate over over 250. What is the mechanism of the treatment this patient requires? A. Slowing the rate of cardiac conduction via valsalva B. Increasing the diameter of blood vessels C. Rewarming the cells in the heart D. Restoring the normal cardiac rhythm

Restoring the normal cardiac rhythm

A patient loses a glove while asking and by the time he returns to the lodge presents with numbness of the hand and skin changes. What is the pathophysiology underlying their condition? A. Damage to cells B. Reducation in core body temperature C. Constriction of blood vessels D. Loss of protective hairs

A. Damage to cells

A patient calls 911 for severe number dings on the hands bilaterally after cutting wood outside for an hour in 30 degree weather. The skin is white and has a waxy appearance. What is the best initial treatment for this patient’s wound? A. Sterilization with alcohol B. Dressing with gauze and kerlix C. Rewarming of the body D. Urgent transport for surgery

B. Dressing with gauze and kerlix

It is a cold December night and you have been dispatched to a man down in the local park. You arrive on scene to find a homeless man asleep on a bench. You get the patient into your truck and start your assessment. During your assessment, you note his fingers are frostbitten. What is the correct field treatment for this patient? A. Cover the frozen in a wet occlusive dressing B. Warm the affected area in warm water before transporting C. Run cold water the affected are and gradually warm D. Transport the patient to the ER

D. Transport the patient to the ER

While hiking you discover another hike with hypothermia who has frostbite of the toes and fingers. Your only equipment for rewarming are several heat packs. What is the best use of these heat packs in the immediate treatment of this patient? A. Placement on the patients head B. Placement in the axilla and groin C. Rewarming the toes D. Rewarming the fingers

B. Placement in the axilla and groin

You are examining a patient with suspected hypothermia. You check their capillary refill time and find it to be 7 seconds. What is the most likely explanation for this finding? A. Decreased diameter of the capillaries due to the cold B. Increased stiffness of the skin due to the cold C. Constriction of the arterioles due to cold D. Decreased cardiac output due to cold

C. Constriction of the arterioles due to cold

You are treating an 18 year old patient who complains of numbness in his hands after a day of skiing. His fingers are cool and pale but soft and have delayed capillary refill. His sings coordinate best with which findings? A. Tench foot B. Frostbite C. Frostnip D. Thermal burn

C. Frostnip

A football player sustains an injury to the forearm and bruising and swelling are evident. ABC’s are stable and the extremity exam is unremarkable. What is the next best step in treatment? A. Placement of a splint B. Administration of Tylenol C.Placement of an elastic bandage and ice pack D. Referral to a sport medicine specialist

C.Placement of an elastic bandage and ice pack

What the normal respiration rate for a 2 month old baby? A. 10 - 20 breaths per minute B. 15 - 30 breaths per minute C. 30 - 60 breaths per minute D. 5 - 10 breaths per minute

C. 30 - 60 breaths per minute

``` You are treating a patient who has burns over both sides of one arm and both sides of one leg. This would be a body surface area burn of what percentage? A. 27% B. 18% C. 36% D. 58% ```

A. 27%

You arrive on the scene of a 35 year old female complaining of abdominal pain. She states the pain is diffuse ache across her lower abdomen, radiating tot he RUQ. She has had a foul smelling vaginal discharge and walks in slow, short steps for comfort. Her last mentstural period was 5 days ago. BP 134/80, HR 88, RR 16, and SP02 98% on room air. What pathology are these signs and symptoms most consistent with? A. Pelvic inflammatory disease B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Endmotriosis D. Ruptured ovarian cyst

A. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Which mechanism do the blood vessels use to control blood pressure? A. Compression of the skeletal muscle B. Release of fluid into the bloodstream C. Release epinephrine D. Contraction of smooth muscle

D. Contraction of smooth muscle

Which of the following structures is part of the thoracic cavity, lies between the lungs, and contains the trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, heart and great vessels ? A. The mediastinum B. The pericardium C. The chest cavity D. The thoracic cage

A. The mediasinum

Which of the following muscles are located within the chest wall and expand / contract with inhalation and exhalation? A. diaphragmatic muscles B. Retroperitoneal muscles C. Intercostal muscles D.Coracobrachialis Muscles

C. Intercostal muscles

Which of the following describes how the trachea differs from the esophagus? A. it is located in the mediastinum B. It has cartilage rings that support it C. It does not have smooth muscle D. It does not have mucus producing cells

B. It has cartilage rings that support it

Which of the following is the primary purpose of the epiglottis? A. Cover the larynx when food is swallowed B. Cover the esophagus when food is swallowed C. Cover the pharynx when food is swallowed D. Create sound and assist in the product of speech

A. Cover the larynx when food is swallowed

How do the pulmonary arteries differ from other arteries in the body? A. They do not divide into smaller arterioles B. They are thicken the other arteries C. They have valves that prevent back-flow D. They carry deoxygenated blood

D. They carry deoxygenated blood

In which of the following areas does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur? A. Carina B. Trachea C. Bronchioles D. Alveoli

D. Alveoli

Which of the following is part of the lower airway? A. Tonsils B. Bronchi C. Hypopharynx D.Esophagus

B. Bronchi

``` You receive the following handoff report: “65 y/o M pmh: MI, CAD,PVD. ℅ unilat LA/LL weakness”. Which of the following acronyms refers to the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms listed in the handoff report? A. MSK trauma B. PE C. MI D. CVA ```

D. CVA

Which of the following abbreviation refer to the compound that leads to a significant number of U.S. mother vehicle deaths? A. MJ (marijuana) B. NO2 (nitrous oxide) C. ETOH (ethyl alcohol) D. PCP (Phencyclidine)

C. ETOH (ethyl alcohol)

Why would you be concerned if the patient complained of left upper quadrant pain with diffuse abdominal rigidity following a motor vehicle accident? A. Possible liver rupture B. Splenic laceration with hemorrhage C. Herniated diaphragm D. Testicular torsion with referred pain

B. Splenic laceration with hemorrhage

The abbreviation "Meq" most commonly refers to which of the following? A. Dose of electrolytes B. Metered grams C. Micrograms D. Milliequivalent

D. Milliequivalent

A 20 year old male patient has severe facial injuries, inadequate breathing, and copious secretions coming from the mouth. How should the patient be managed? A. Alternate suctioning for 10 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes while maintaining c - spine control B. Turn him on his side to allow for secretion drainage which should improve his ventilatory status C. Suction the patient first for 20 - 30 seconds and then attempt ventilations while maintaining c - spine control D. Open his airway with jaw thrust and wait for ACLS unit for intubation

A. Alternate suctioning for 10 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes while maintaining c - spine control

Which heart vale is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? A. Bicuspid valve B. Aortic Valve C. Tricuspid valve D. Mitral Valve

C. Tricuspid valve

You have responded to a 38 year old male who was in an altercation with the police. Upon arrival, you find the male subject hand cuffed, face down in the back of a police officer. upon contacting the patient, you find him unresponsive and not breathing. What should you suspect as the underlying condition? A. Toxic shock syndrome B. Low glucose level C. Acute myocardial infarction D. Suffocation

D. Suffocation

Which term best describes a scraping of the surface of the skin or mucous membrane? A. Avulsion B. Laceration C. Abrasion D. Puncture

C. Abrasion

What are the initial basic life support (BLS) steps for an adult patient in cardiac arrest per the AHA? A Assess the victim, give 2 rescue breaths, defibrillate, start CPR B. Assess the victim, activate the EMS system, check pulse, start CPR C. Assess the victim, start CPR, give 2 rescue breaths, defibrillate D. Check pulse, give rescue breath, asses the victim, defbrillate

B. Assess the victim, activate the EMS system, check pulse, start CPR

The latest guidelines set by the American heart association for CPR recommended that BCLS providers follow which sequence during a cardiac arrest? A. (ABC) Airway, breathing, circulation B. (CAB) circulation, airway, breathing C. (ABC) Airway, breathing, check responsiveness D. None of above

B. (CAB) circulation, airway, breathing

Which of the following locations is the best when assessing an 11 month old infants pulse? A. Femoral artery B. Brachial artery C. Temporal artery D. Radial artery

B. Brachial artery

What is the proper depth for chest compressions for an infant patient? A. 1 inch B. 1.5 inches deep C. 2.5 inches D. 1/2 the depth of the chest

B. 1.5 inches deep

When the right ventricle of the heart contracts, it pushes blood against the tricuspid valve, forcing it closed. Which valve is then forced open? A. Aortic Valve B. Biscupid Valve C. Pulmonic Valve D. Mitral Valve

C. Pulmonic Valve

The high pressure (left ventricular) side of the heart feeds what part of the body? A. Pulmonary vascular system B. Systemic vascular system C. Coronary veins D. Pulmonary arteries

B. Systemic vascular system

Which of the following would result in oxygen rich blood being pumped to the lungs? A. A weak mitral valve B. A hole between the two ventricles C. A pulmonary embolus D. Blocked coronary arteries

B. A hole between the two ventricles

When an auscultating heart sounds, what does the S1 “lub” sound indicate ? A. Opening the semilunar valves B. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves C. Closure of the semilunar valves D. Opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves

B. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

During which of the following phases in the cardiac cycle does blood refill the ventricles? A. Systole B. Diastole C. Hyperbole D. Syncope

B. Diastole

Which structure keeps blood from flowing backwards into the right atrium from the right ventricle? A. Mitral valve B. Tricuspid Valve C. Aortic Valve D. Pulmonary Valve.

B. Tricuspid Valve

Which of the following is the first phase in ventricular contraction? A. Diastole B. Isovolumetric contraction C. Ventricular ejection D. Isovolumetric relaxation

B. Isovolumetric contraction

Which heart valve blocks blood from flowing back into the right atrium? A. Mitral valve B. Tricuspid Valve C. Aortic semilunar valve D. Pulmonary semilunar valve

B. Tricuspid Valve

When assessing a patient’s blood pressure, what does the “top number” indicate to the EM? A. The pressure in the heart when it is beating B. The pressure in the arteries during myocardial contraction C. The pressure in the veins during the hearts resting phase D. The pressure in the arteries during the hearts resting phase

B. The pressure in the arteries during myocardial contraction

Which valve is the atrioventricular valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. A. The mitral valve B. The tricuspid valve C. The pulmonary valve D. The aortic valve

A. The mitral valve

What force primarily fills the ventricles during diastole? A. Ventricular contraction B. Atrial contraction C. Gravity D. Valve movement

C. Gravity

Which of the following is the primary role of the valves within the heart? A. Preventing excess blood from filling the heart chambers B. Preventing blood from leaving the heart C. Preventing the backwards flow of blood D. Allowing blood to flow through the heart with less resistance

C. Preventing the backwards flow of blood

A patient with an injury to which of the following structures could lead to the most significant decrease in blood flow to the body from the heart? A. The Aorta B. The Vena Cava C. The right ventricle D. The coronary artery

A. The Aorta

Which of the following is the correct flow of blood through the heart to the lungs A. Inferior / superior vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → aorta B. Portal system → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta C. Right atrium → right ventricle → aorta → ductus arteriosus → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta D. Inferior / superior vena cava → left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right atrium --? Right ventricle → aorta

A. Inferior / superior vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → aorta

Which of the following is the primary role of the hearts left ventricle? A. Pumping blood to the lungs B. Pumping blood to the body C. Collecting blood from the body D. Collecting blood from the lungs

B. Pumping blood to the body

You and your partner respond to a call where a 12 yer old was struck by a vehicle. On scene you find the young man lying in the street. He is unconscious and has slow gurgling respirations. At this point you should: A. Have your partner take C - spine control while you suction the boys airway B. Apply high flow oxygen and continue assessment C. Take C - spine control and continue to assess for life threats D. Apply C - collar and complete immobilization procedures continuing assessment

A. Have your partner take C - spine control while you suction the boys airway

A partial thickness and full thickness burn over what body surface would prompt IV fluid administration? A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%

A. 10%

Which of the following is a primary function of the upper airway? A. Adding lubricant to inhaled air B. Removing moisture from inhaled air C. Collection, warming, and filtration of inhaled gases D. Ensuring fluids / solids do not enter the lungs

C. Collection, warming, and filtration of inhaled gases

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for preventing food and water from entering the respiratory tract? A. The Epiglottis B. The trachea C. The vocal cords D. The oropharynx

A. The Epiglottis

Which of the following structures is made up entirely of interlocking flat bones? A. The ribcage B. The spine C. The skull D. The pelvis

C. The skull

The dysfunction in which of the following respiratory structures will introduce the greatest risk of food / and or fluid entering the lungs? A. The trachea B. The epiglottis C. The oropharynx D. The larynx

B. The epiglottis

Which of the following arteries has the highest blood pressure in the body? A. The pulmonary arteries B. The ascending aorta C. The renal arteries D. The descending aorta

B. The ascending aorta

Which of the following structures lies between the trachea and the epiglottis? A. The oropharynx B. The bronchioles C. The carina D. The vocal cords

D. The vocal cords

If a patient sustains penetrating trauma to the anterior midline of the neck, which of the following structures would sustain trauma first? A. The carotid arteries B. The descending nerves C. The trachea D. The. esophagus

C. The trachea

Which of the following refers to a foreign object (solid or liquid) that passes the epiglottis and enters the larynx? A. Foreign body airway obstruction B. Aspiration C. Asphyxiation D. Cleared foreign body airway obstruction

B. Aspiration

The anatomy of the airway consist of the upper and lower airways. The upper airway starts at the mouth and nose; where does it end? A. The cricoid cartilage B. The larynx C. The epiglottis D. The carina

B. The larynx

The following definition is describing which bone/ bones: "The longest bones within the human body"? A. The spinal vertebrae B. The humerus bones C. The femurs D. The fibula

C. The femurs

Which of the following types of muscle are organized into antagonistic pairs? A. Striated muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Cardiac Muscle D. Autonomic muscle

A. Striated muscle

Which of the following muscle types are able to stimulate themselves to contract without any outside influence? A. Striated muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Cardiac Muscle D. Autonomic Muscle

C. Cardiac Muscle

A patient has sustained minor trauma to the upper anterior shoulder and is complaining of significant paint when shrugging or moving the shoulders. Which of the following joints is more likely to be injured in this patient? A. The acromicvlavicular joint B. The sternovclavicular joint C. The glenhohumeral joint D. The cervical vertebral joints

C. The glenhohumeral joint

Which of the following types of muscles is under the exclusive control of the autonomic nervous system? A. Striated muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Cardiac Muscle D. Skeletal Muscle

B. Smooth muscle

Which of the following bones articulates with tibia and fibula? A. The carpals B. The tarsals C. The metatarsals D. The metacarpals

B. The tarsals

A patient that has sustained a traumatic brain injury is unconscious and losing control of their regulatory function such as the ability to breathe and maintain their blood pressure. Damage to which area of the brain is likely to cause these findings? A. Cerebrum B. Brain stem C. Cerebellum D. Corpus Colosseum

B. Brain stem

A patient being transported for stoke is presenting with an inability to form meaningful sentences; they are speaking "gibberish" all through transport. Which of the following brain areas is most likely to have been damaged? A. The occipital lobe B. The temporal lobes C. The parietal lobe D. The cerebellum

B. The temporal lobes

Brain trauma to which of the following areas would be likely to result in personality changes? A. The occipital B. The temporal lobe C. The parietal lobe D. The frontal lobe

D. The fontal lobe

What is the primary role of the hollow organs of the digestive system? A. Crushing of good into smaller pieces B. Breakdown of food toxins C. Absorption of nutrients D. Production of enzymes to help break down food

C. Absorption of nutrients

Which of the following is not a rule the tongue plays in the body? A. Production of speech B. protection of the airway C. Cleaning the structures in the mouth D. breaking down food

C. Cleaning the structures in the mouth

Which of the following is the primary physiologic role of the liver? A. Production of red blood cells B. Detoxification of the blood C. Production of enzymes to break down protein D. Producing acid for digestion in the stomach

B. Detoxification of the blood

What is the primary digestive function of the solid organs of the digestive system? A. Monitoring and controlling blood flow to the hollow organs B. Absorption of food nutrients C. Production of materials to aid digestion and absorption D. Creation of replacement cells for the hollow organs

C. Production of materials to aid digestion and absorption

A 22 year old female is complaining of lower abdominal pain, she is taking short steps during ambulation to the stretcher and had abdominal guarding during your assessment. Which of the following gynecological pathology is acquired through sexually transmitted bacteria and results in infection of the uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes, or ovaries? A. Ruptured ovarian cyst B. Pelvic Inflammatory disease C. Dysmenorrhea D. Endometriosis

B. Pelvic Inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease symptoms include the PID shuffle, vaginal discharge and pain; the pain is especially significant during which type of event? A. Sexual intercourse B. Palpation of abdomen C. Menstruation D. Bowel movements

A. Sexual intercourse

You arrive on the scene of a 35 year old female complaining of abdominal pain. She states the pain is a diffuse ache across her lower abdomen, radiating to the RUQ. She has ha d a foul smelling vaginal discharge and walks in slow, short steps for comfort. Her last menstrual period was 5 days ago. BP 134 /80, HR 88, Rr 16, Oxygen at 98% on room air. What pathology are the signs and symptoms most consistent with? A. Pelvic inflammatory disease B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Endometriosis D. Ruptured ovarian cyst

A. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Fertilization occurs in: A. The vagina B. The uterus C. The Fallopian tube D. The ovary

C. The Fallopian tube

An egg, if unfertilized travels through: A. The fallopian tube B. The uterus C. Both the fallopian tube and the uterus D. The urethra

C. Both the fallopian tube and the uterus

The following structure is not bilateral: A. Labia B. Fallopian tube C. Uterus D. Ovary

C. Uterus

You are called to see a woman who has just delivered her baby and placenta. You note that she is bleeding profusely from her vagina, although she is stable in all of her vital signs. Visual inspection of her vagina shows no tears. She states milk is leaking from her nipples and wants to breastfeed her baby immediately. You should: A. Let her breastfeed the baby B. Tell her to wait until the doc ok’s it C. Have her apply a tight bra to her breast D. Place a towel against her vagina

A. Let her breastfeed the baby

The condition that generally causes the MOST amount of external vaginal bleeding is: A. Fertilization B. Menopause C. Straddle injuries D. Infections

C. Straddle injuries

Your 24 year old patient is complaining of steady unilateral abdominal pain with intermittent cramping. It started suddenly and has recently been accompanied by light vaginal bleeding. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. She is afebrile, BP 125 / 80, HR 90, RR 16, 99% on room air. Given the patient's signs and symptoms, which medical emergency is most consistent with your findings? A. Pelvic inflammatory disease B. Ruptured ovarian cyst C. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy D. Endometriosis

C. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Your 24 year old patient is complaining of steady, unilateral abdominal pain with intermittent cramping. It started suddenly and has recently been accompanied by light vaginal bleeding. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago.. She is afebrile, BP 125/80, HR 90, RR 99% on room air. Given the patients signs and symptoms, which medical emergency is most consistent with your findings? A. pelvic inflammatory disease B. Ruptured ovarian cyst C. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy D. Endometriosis

C. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

The "baby blues" are best described as: A. postpartum depression B. A psychiatric emergency C. A reaction to the realities of new responsibilities D. Blueness of the hands and feet in a newborn

C. A reaction to the realities of new responsibilities

You are treating a 40 year old multigravida in her third trimester. She complains of bright red vaginal bleeding but denies any pain. With which of the following should you concern yourself? A. Placenta Previa B. preeclampsia C. placental abruption D. uterine rupture

A. Placenta Previa

The partial or full detachment of the placenta at more than 20 weeks of gestation is known as what? A. Abruptio placentae B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Placenta previa D. Uterine rupture

A. Abruptio placentae

You are treating a 17 year old female who is 26 week pregnant and complaining of a severe headache and blurred vision, on your initial assessment you note a substantial amount of edema, especially in her feet and hands, she state she has not been under the regular care of a doctor during her pregnancy. Your field diagnosis is a pre - eclampsia. If It is left untreated, this patient's condition may worsen and she may experience: A. Labor pains B. Grand mal seizures C. Angina pectoris D. necrosis of tissue

B. Grand mal seizures

Which of the following required immediate transport? A. Rupture of membranes at term without labor B. A women at 36 weeks gestation with a history of meconium in her last pregnancy C. A women pregnant with twins at 36 weeks with arm pain D. Braxton hick contractions at 34 weeks

A. Rupture of membranes at term without labor

A fetal heart rate of 80 indicates which of the following? A. fetal pain B. hypoxia C. normal finding D. tachycardia

B. hypoxia