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EMT - Basic > Medical Exam > Flashcards

Medical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is a prone?

A

Lying face down

You want to have them on their back if they are lying face down

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2
Q

What is Supine?

A

lying face up

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3
Q

what is Internal respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between the blood cells and the tissues

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4
Q

What is External respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; also called pulmonary respirations.

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5
Q

What is Ventilation?

A

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person such an EMT

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6
Q

What is Kussmaul respirations?

A

Deep, rapid breathing, usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

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7
Q

What is CPAP?

A

(Continuous positive airway pressure) - A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill with patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need of endotracheal intubation

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8
Q

What is Pulmonary Embolism?

A

A blood clot that breaks off from large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung causing obstruction of blood blow.

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9
Q

What is HIPPA?

A

Health insurance portability and accountability act

Federal legislation passed in 1996 and its main effect in EMS is in limiting availability of patients health care information and penalizing violation of patients privacy.

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10
Q

What is hernia?

A

The protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening

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11
Q

What is hypercarbia?

A

Increased carbon dioxide level in the blood stream.

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12
Q

What is the heart?

A

A hollow musular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

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13
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

blood in the urine

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14
Q

What is hypertension?

A

blood pressure that is higher than the normal range

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15
Q

What is hyperthermia?

A

A condition in which the body core temperature rises to 101 or more

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16
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

a condition in which the internal or core body temperature falls below 95

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17
Q

What is pulmonary embolism?

A

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung causing obstruction of blood flow.

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18
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

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19
Q

What is acute coronary syndrome?

A

A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, includes angina and myocardial infraction.

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20
Q

What is Ischemia?

A

Lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

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21
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

Another term for heart attack

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22
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.

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23
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.

24
Q

What is Ventricular fibrillation?

A

Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest.

25
What is Grand mal seizure?
Causes a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions. It's the type of seizure most people picture when they think about seizures. A grand mal seizure also known as a generalized tonic - clonic seizure is caused by abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain
26
What is Petit mal seizure
A form of epilepsy with very brief, unannounced lapses in consciousness. A petit mal seizure involves a brief loss of awareness, which can be accompanied by blinking or mouth twitching. ... Petit mal seizures take the form of a staring spell: the person suddenly seems to be "absent.
27
What are the four chambers of the heart?
The right Atrium - receives blood from the veins and pumps it to the right ventricle The right ventricle - receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs, where it is loaded with oxygen The left atrium - receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle The left ventricle - the strongest chamber pumps oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricles vigorous contractions create our blood pressure
28
What are the parts of the heart?
Heart chambers, valves, vessels, wall, and conduction system.
29
Where does deoxygenated and oxygenated blood flow?
The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart.
30
When should CPAP be used?
it should be used for providing ventilatory support for patients experiencing respiratory distress.
31
What are the contranindications for CPAP?
A patient who is in respiratory arrest Signs and Symptoms of pneumothorax or chest trauma A patient who has a tracheotomy Active gastrointestinal bleeding or vomiting Patient is unable to follow verbal commands
32
What does hyperventilation do to blood pressure?
Papers in the medical and psychiatric literature state that hyperventilation causes vasoconstriction and increases of blood pressure
33
5. What do you do when a choking patient goes unconscious?
- Check airway and if you can see it then try to grab it but if not then perform high quality CPR
34
What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
Half the people who have pulmonary embolism have no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include shortness of breath, chest pain or coughing up blood. Symptoms of a blood clot include warmth, swelling, pain, tenderness and redness of the leg
35
How to calculate minute volume?
Minute volume = respiratory rate x tidal volume 6
36
What are contraindications for oropharyngeal airway?
Conscious patients | Any patient who is conscious or unconscious who has an intact gag reflect
37
What are contraindications for nasopharyngeal airway?
Serve head injury with blood draining from the nose History fo fractured nasal bone
38
How do you measure Oropharyngeal airway?
Size the airway by measuring from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth
39
How do you measure the nasal airway?
Size the airway by measuring from the tip of the nose to the patients earlobe. Coat the tip with a water soluble lubricant
40
What are the contraindications for oral glucose?
Decreased level-of consciousness; nauseas; vomiting
41
What are the side effects for nitroglycerin?
Headache, burning under tongue, hypotension, nausea
42
What are the contraindications for nitroglycerin?
Very rarely used for patients with COPD; do not use near open flames as oxygen will support combustion
43
Why do we administer epi?
the medication of choice for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis. Through vasoconstrictor effects, it prevents or decreases upper airway mucosal edema (laryngeal edema), hypotension, and shock
44
What are the parts of history taking?
How did this happen? Does anything make this feel or worse? Can you describe your pain? Does the pain stay in one place? One scale 1 - 10 for your pain? Is it constant or does it come or go? (OPQRST) Signs and Symptoms Allergies Medications Past surgeries Last oral intake Events leading up to aliment (SAMPLE)
45
How is the cardiac output calculated?
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate. CO = HR X SV
46
What is hyperglycemia?
An abnormally high blood glucose level
47
What is hypoglycemia?
An abnormally low blood glucose level
48
What is Ischemic Stroke?
A type of stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel.
49
What is hemorrhagic stroke?
A type of stroke that occurs a result of bleeding inside the brain
50
What is Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?
A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it; in this context the attack is "new" or "happening right now"
51
What is Hypovolemic Shock?
A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body . water results in inadequate perfusions
52
What is Cardiogenic shock?
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can severe complication of a large acute myocardial infraction as well as other conditions
53
What is obstructive shock?
Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues
54
What is Distributive shock?
is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body's tissues and organs
55
What is anaphylactic shock?
an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive.
56
What is septic shock?
is a potentially fatal medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.
57
What is neurogenic?
caused by, controlled by, or arising in the nervous system.

EMT - Basic (88 decks)

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