The Heart Flashcards
What is the heart?
Made of specialized cardiac muscle
How is the heart worked as two paired pumps?
Each side is divided into:
a. Atrium (upper chamber) b. Ventricle (lower chamber)
What is circulation?
. The heart receives its blood from the aorta.
b. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body
How does oxygenated blood work?
Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins into the left side of the heart and is pumped into the aorta and then to the arteries of the body.
What is the normal adult resting heart rate?
60 - 100 beats / min
What is stroke volume?
amount of blood moved by one beat
What is cardiac output?
amount of blood moved in 1 minute
HR x SV =CO
What is electrical conduction system?
A network of specialized tissue that is capable of initiating and conducting electrical current runs throughout the heart.
b. Electrical impulses begin high in the atria at the sinoatrial (SA) node, travel to the atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle of His, and then move through the Purkinje fibers to the ventricles. c. This movement produces a smooth flow of electricity, producing a coordinated pumping action.
What are arteries?
they carry blood from the heart to all body tissues
What is the pulmonary artery?
The pulmonary artery originates at the right ventricle and carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
What arteries branch into first?
Arteries branch first into smaller arteries and then into arterioles.
What is a pulse?
Pulse is created by the forceful pumping of blood out of the left ventricle and into the major arteries
a. Palpated most easily at the neck, wrist, or groin
What is capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules
2. Oxygen and nutrients pass from blood cells and plasma in the capillaries to individual tissue cells through the very thin walls of the capillaries.
What is veins?
Return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart
2. Major veins
What is the superior vena cava?
The superior vena cava carries blood returning from the head, neck, shoulders, and upper extremities.
What is the inferior vena cava mean?
The inferior vena cava carries blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities.
What is the spleen?
- Solid organ located under the rib cage in the left upper part of the abdomen
- Filters worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria from the blood
- Highly vascular and is particularly susceptible to injury from blunt trauma
What is Plasma?
(the liquid portion of blood) contains:
a. Water (primary component) b. Proteins (primary component) c. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen d. Nutrients e. Cellular wastes
What is red blood cells?
(erythrocytes)
a. Contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen
What is blood cells?
(leukocytes)
a. Play a role in the body’s immune defense to fight infection
What is platelets?
essential in the initial formation of a blood clot
