NREMT practice questions Flashcards by victoria hughes

The tube that carries food to the stomach is called:

A. The trachea

B. The duodenum

C. The esophagus

D. The epiglottis

C. The esophagus

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The left ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary artery:

True

False

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Which vein carries oxygen rich blood?

A. Portal Vein

B. Pulmonary Vein

C. Jungular vein

D. Superior vena cava

B. Pulmonary Vein

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What doe hypoxemia mean?

A. Low blood in vessels

B. Low blood in the heart

C. Low oxygen in the blood

D. Low oxygen in the tissues

C. Low oxygen in the blood

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The appendix is located in the:

A. left low quadrant

B. right Lower quadrant

C. middle lower quadrant

D. pubis

B. right Lower quadrant

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Bronchi are located in the:

A. Heart

B. Lymph

C. Lungs

D. Upperairway

C. Lungs

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The liver is located in the:

A. Right upper quadrant

B. Left upper quadrant

C. Middle upper quadrant

D. Epigastric region

A. Right upper quadrant

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The anatomical structure where the trachea splits into two bronchi is called the:

A. Xiphoid process

B. Costal arch

C. Carina

D. Calcareous

C. Carina

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What does hypoxia mean?

A. Low blood in the vessels

B. Low blood in the heart

C. Low oxygen in the blood

D. Low oxygen in the tissues

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How many cervical vertebra do you have?

A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

D. 12

B. 7

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Your patient is a 49-year old female complaining of dull chest pains.She is alert & oriented but upon assessment, you notice her skin is pale, cold and diaphoretic. What is your next step?

A. Obtain an OPQRSTA

B. Apply an AED

C. Assist with patients nitroglycerin

D. Apply a supplemental 02

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An automated external defibrillator is used to treat patients in:

A. Asystole

B. Atrial Fibrillation

C. Pulseless electrical activity

D. Ventricular fibrillation

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Which of the following is not part of the cardiovascular system?

A. The heart

B. The hemoglobin

C. The leukocytes

D. The blood vessels

C. The leukocytes

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Which are the 3 layers of the heart from inside out?

A. Epicardium, pericardium, myocardium

B. Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

C. Endocardium, pericardium, myocardium

D. Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium

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Which of the following descriptions of pain best describes a myocardial infarction?

A. A sharp tearing pain

B. A burning pain

C. A squeezing / tight pain

D. Boiling pain

C. A squeezing / tight pain

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Which vessel carries from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A. Aorta

B. Pulmonary veins

C. Pulmonary artery

D. Portal artery

C. Pulmonary artery

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You are dispatched to the apartment of a 59 year old male patient complaining of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping. He states that is started after eating some fast-food. The only medical history is lactose intolerance. Her blood pressure is 136/88 mm Hg. Her radial pulse is 94 beats per minute and her respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute. She vomited two times prior to your arrival. From what condition is this patient most likely suffering?

A.
Gastroenteritis

B.
Gastric Reflux

C.
Peptic Ulcer

D.
Diverticulitis

Gastroenteritis

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Your 28 year old male patient who was complaining of a acute crushing feeling in the center of his chest with shortness of breath that began while he was shovelling snow 45 minutes prior to your arrival. He is now only responding to painful stimuli. Presently, his respirations are adequate, his pulse oximeter reads 95% on room air, and you find his skin to be pale, cool, and diaphoretic. What would be your initial action?

A.
5 breaths per minute BVM

B.
Nitroglycerin SL

C.
Aspirin 160mg PO

D.
Nasal Cannula 3LPM

Nasal Cannula 3LPM

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You are called to a private residence for a patient with significant swelling to his legs. Upon arrival, you find a 84-year-old patient sitting in a wheelchair. Your assessment confirms significant pitting edema to both lower extremities. You are able to palpate a pedal pulse bilaterally. His skin is warm, pink, and dry. His lungs are clear bilaterally. Which of the following conditions do you suspect?

A.
Deep vein thrombus

B.
Varicose veins

C.
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

D.
Acute Renal Failure

Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

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You are treating a 56 year old patient who complains of an intense pain between his shoulder blades radiating to his lower back. Pain began 15 minutes prior to your arrival while he was mowing the lawn and has been consistent. He rates the pain as a 10 out of 10. Pain is described as a sharp, tearing pain. He is a 2 pack a day smoker. Blood pressure is 130/76 mm Hg in the right arm and 78/48 mm Hg in the left arm. Radial pulse in his right arm is 98 beats per minute and regular, and respiratory rate is 20 per minute and non-labored. What condition would you most likely suspect?

A.
Aortic aneurism

B.
Aortic Dissection

C.
Myocardial Infarction

D.
Pulmonary Embolism

Aortic Dissection

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A sound associated with upper airway obstruction is:

A. Wheezing

B. Gurgling

C. Rhonchi

D. Snoring

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During triage a cardiac arrest would be:

A. red

B. orange

C. white

D. black

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You should realign a patients ankle fracture if
A.
Pt. has no feeling in their foot

B.
Pt. has a weak pulse

C.
Pt. has no pulse in foot

D.
Never realign in the field

Never realign in the field

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Which of the following would be a closed injury?

A.
Avulsion

B.
Abrasion

C.
amputation

D.
hematoma

hematoma

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The immediate threat to an open wound is infection True False

False

During triage a person with a femur fracture would be considered: A. Yellow B. Green C. Blue D. Red

A. | Yellow

Which is NOT an early sign on hypoperfusion? A. Hypotension B. Pale, cool, clammy C. Tachycardia D. Tachypnea

A. | Hypotension

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a professional paramedic? A. Confident leadership B. Good judgement skills C. Strong opinions about racial groups D. Ability to function indepdentely

C. Strong opinions about racial groups

While you are required to be licensed, EMS personnel may only function as approved under the direction of a medical director. True False

True

The process where a province, territory, or regulatory agency grants permission to work in a occupation is: A. Licensure B. Certification C. Tenure D. Signed up

A. Licensure

Ethics are best defined as: A. Protocols and polices for conduct B. Rules governing the performance of a profession C. Legal principles governing potential lawsuits D. Justification of actions

B. Rules governing the performance of a profession

Which is the infectious diseases is not transmitted via airborne pathogens? A. Tuberculosis B. Varicella C. Rubella D. Hep C

D. Hep C

A.Anger, Denial, Bargaining, Acceptance, Depression B.Anger, Denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance C.Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance D.Depression, Anger, Denial, Bargaining, Acceptance

C.Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

The Term Liability best refers to: A. A legal responsibility B. An illegal act C. civil responsibility D. Responsibility for damages

A. A legal responsibility

Patients with absent Radial Pulses during an MCI should be tagged: A. Red B. Green C. Yellow D. Black

A. Red

The loud, hollow sound produced by percussing an air filled region is: A. hyperronance B. Dull C. Flat D. None of above

A. hyperronance

Normal Exhalation is A. An active process involving accessory muscles B. An active process involving the intercostal muscles or diaphragm C. Progressively active process D. Passive process

D. Passive process

Stiffness in the neck when associated with fever and in a child suggests A. meningitis B. staph infection C. croup D. epiglottis

A. meningitis

The tissue type that is mostly under voluntary control is: A. connective tissue B. skeletal muscles C. cardiac nerves D. respiratory nerves

B. skeletal muscles

The formed blood cell component responsible for blood clotting is A. White blood cells B. Red blood cells C. Plasma D. Platelets

D. Platelets

The portion of the brain that regulates cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system. A. cerebellum B. thalamus C. medulla oblongata D. pons

C. medulla oblongata

The blood vessel that returns blood to the atria from the body is the, A. Pulmonary vein B. Aorta C. Pulmonary arteries D. Superior vena cava

D. Superior vena cava

In Which order of events will an auto collision occur? A. Body collision, vehicle collision, organ collision B. organ collision, vehicle collision, body collision C. Vehicle collision, body collision, organ collision D. vehicle collision, organ collision, body collision

C. Vehicle collision, body collision, organ collision

Which of the following types of hemmorage is characterized by dark red blood? A. Capillary bleeding B. Venous bleeding C. Arterial bleeding D. None of above

B. Venous bleeding

Black tarry stool is called: A. Hemoptysis B. Hematuria C. Ecbony stool D. Melena

D. Melena

Bleeding from capillary or venous wounds is easy to stop A.True B. False

A.True

The normal tendency of the body is to maintain its normal environment is called: A. Homeostasis B. Coagulation C. Hemostasis D. Anemia

A. Homeostasis

You find a patient who has suffered a finger amputation, you should keep the amputated part, A. Warm and dry B. Cool and dry C. cool and moist D. On ice

C. cool and moist

A burn characterized by redness, pain, and blisters is, A. Superficial burn B. chemical burn C. partial thickness burn D. Full thickness burn

C. partial thickness burn

An adult has received burns to the entire anterior chest and entire right extremity. Using the Rules of Nine, what percentage of body is burned A. 18 B. 9 C. 27 D. None of above

A. 18

An adult has received burns to the entire left lower extremity and genitals. Using the Rules of Nine, what percentage of body is affected? A. 10 B. 19 C. 18 D. 9

B. 19

A child receives burns to entire head and neck and upper back. What percentage of body is burned? A. 18 B. 19 C. 27 D. 10

C. 27

The Traction splint is designed to splint what type of injury? A. Knee dislocation B. Pelvic fracture C. femur fracture D. all of above

C. femur fracture

Cushing Triad seen in major head injuries, includes which of following symptoms? A. Increased respirations B. decreased respirations C. increasing blood pressure D. all of above

D. all of above

The Number 1 killer in pregnant females is, A. Heart attack B. ectopic pregnancy C. stroke D. trauma

D. trauma

Among the many types seizures, the one EMS is most likely needed to treat is A. tonic - clonic seizures B. peti mal seizures C. complex partial seizures D. Absence seizures

A. tonic - clonic seizures

Syncope caused by unknown reasons can be classified as A. Idiopathic B. Localized C. Hypoxia D. Cardiovascular

A. Idiopathic

Appendicitis may initially present with visceral pain located A. In the right lower quadrant of the abdomen B. in the right shoulder blade C. in the right flank D. In the right upper quadrant

A. In the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

Primarily a respiratory disorder, the most common preventable adult infectious disease in the world is, A. Hep A B. Tuberculosis C. HIV D. Pneumonia

B. Tuberculosis

Blood Volume Increases by what percentage in pregnant women? A. 10% B. 25% C. 30% D. 45%

C. 30%

You respond with the fire department to the scene of a structure fire. Firefighters have rescued a 15-year-old female who is unconscious and unresponsive to all stimuli. The victim was located in a smoke-filled bedroom on the floor above the fire. BP 146/80, PR 128 regular and strong, and RR 40. The monitor shows sinus tach. Auscultation reveals generally clear lung sounds and mild expiratory wheezing. You note no burns on the patient or the patient's clothing. Pulse oximetry readings should be scrutinized closely due to: A. CO2 levels can give inaccurately low readings of the percentage of oxygen saturation. B. CO2 levels can give inaccurately high readings of the percentage of oxygen saturation. C.Carbon monoxide levels can give inaccurately high readings of the percentage of oxygen saturation. D. Carbon monoxide levels can give inaccurately low readings of the percentage of oxygen saturation.

C.Carbon monoxide levels can give inaccurately high readings of the percentage of oxygen saturation.

You are at the scene of a 23-year-old male who is unconscious and EMS was called by his parents. Which of the following type of consent would apply? A.Implied consent B. Minor's consent C. Informed consent D.Patient proxy consent

A.Implied consent

The first known use of ambulances in the United States occurred during which American war? A. The American civil war B. The American revolutionary war C. World war 1 D. The Spanish American war

A. The American civil war

A system of personnel and resources needed to provide immediate care for emergency situations in the field best describes a: A. EMS system B. Ambulance service C. Dispatch system D. Emergency room

A. EMS system

In what year was the use of helicopters in civilian emergency medical response explored? A. 1970 B. 1980 C. 1965 D. 1972

A. 1970

Under which of the following Presidential Administrations did the President's Commission on Highway Safety of the National Academy of Sciences publish the report "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society"? A. John Kennedy B. Gerald Ford C. Richard Nixon D. Lyndon Johnson

D. Lyndon Johnson

The national standard curriculum for EMTs and paramedics was born out of which of the following? A. The "white paper" B. The "Education agenda" C. The "highway safety act" D. The American heart association

B. The "Education agenda"

This legislation created the first ALS pilot programs with $142,000,000 in taxpayer funds and resulted in the creation of the NHTSA. A. 1996's Agenda for the future B. Highway safety Act of 1996 C. The "Yellow paper" of 1966 D. The emergency medical service system act in 1973

B. Highway safety Act of 1996

Which of the following is the most significant factor that leads to the elderly's increased risk of falling when compared to younger individuals? A. Problems with proprioception B. A slower gait due to muscle weakness C. The incidence of hypoglycemia D. Difficulty with memory

A. Problems with proprioception

An Emergency Operations Center is often established as part of the National Incident Response System, which of the following is the purpose of this command center? A. A central location to store all emergency resources B. A secure area to protect local officials in the event of an emergency C. A center for information management and resource allocation /tracking D. A location where all ambulances and EMS personnel can return to after a call

C. A center for information management and resource allocation /tracking

The classic approach to repositioning to avoid pressure ulcers is to turn a patient every: A. Hour B. 2 hours C. 4 Hours D. 6 Hours

B. 2 hours

An elderly patient is found to have sepsis due to pneumonia in the emergency room. During transport, he seemed to be confused and was tachycardic but had no other signs or symptoms of pneumonia or severe infection. What is the most likely reason for their unremarkable signs and symptoms during transport? A. Chronic usage of specific medications B. Memory difficulties making their symptoms C. Age related changes to the blood vessels D. Reduced function of their immune system

D. Reduced function of their immune system

A large gas line explosion occurs that results in significant damage to a city block, there are multiple injured individuals, fires, and looting is occurring in the area. A local ambulance agency, the police force, and the fire department all begin responding to the incident. Which of the following should be established to best manage the multiple jurisdictions responding to this incident? A. A unified command B. A non - governmental organization C. An emergency operation center D. an incident commander

A. A unified command

An elderly patient has symptoms consistent with the flu, their vitals are as follows: HR: 119, BP: 95/60, RR: 12, SPO2 93%. Which of these vital signs is most concerning to you and most likely to predict the need for additional medical care? A. A heart rate of 119 B. A blood pressure of 95/60 C. A respiratory rate of 12 D. An oxygen saturation of 93%

A. A heart rate of 119

Which of the following operations are housed in the Joint Information Center (JIC)? A. General staff operations B. Incident operations C. Joint information system operations D. Command staff operations

C. Joint information system operations

Diabetics are at increased risk of pressure ulcers due to A. Immobility B. Malnutrition C. Reduced perfusion D. Sensory loss

D. Sensory loss

You are called to the scene of an elderly patient who is being cared for by family members, the patient's presentation is most significant for a second-degree burn across their entire back, they do not recall any recent injury, appear to be in a good mental state, and are largely independent based on the history they and the family provide. Which of the following is most likely to have lead to their acute condition? A. Abuse by family B. Decreased sensitivity of the nerve endings in the skin C. Chronic changes to the blood vessels in the skin D. Traffic accident

B. Decreased sensitivity of the nerve endings in the skin

Which of the following functions are performed by emergency management personnel at an Emergency Operation Center during normal operations (steady state)? A. Determining incident objectives B.Conduct routine and ongoing coordination with other departments and agencies C. Collecting, analyzing, and sharing information D. Supporting resources needs and requests, including allocation and tracking

B.Conduct routine and ongoing coordination with other departments and agencies

You and your partner respond to a traumatic injury. Upon arrival, you find the local fire department performing CPR on a female patient. Your partner states that he will manage I.V. access and drug administration, while you manage the airway and help direct firefighters during resuscitation. After a few minutes of resuscitation efforts, your partner utters something under his breath. As you look up at your partner, you realize that he has administered the wrong drug to the patient. What type of error has your partner committed? A. Rule based failure B. Knowledge based failure C. Skill based failure D. Psychomotor based failure

C. Skill based failure

The UN/DOT Hazard Classification System identifies dangerous goods by either their class number or which of the following? A. Name B. Category C. Size D. Potential

A. Name

The National Incident Management System is the culmination of more than 40 years of efforts to improve interoperability in incident management. In what year did work begin on this system? A. 1970 B. 1995 C. 1990 D. 2001

A. 1970

After assessing a sick child for possible dehydration, you note the presence of several bruises, in varying stages of healing on the patient's back, buttocks, and legs. Which of the following is appropriate? A. Report the findings in your PCR and make sure to report your findings to the ER staff B. It isn't the reason for this call and bares no relation, children always have bruises C. Question the parents and child about bruises immediately before the story can change D. Call law enforcement to the scene for possible child abuse

A. Report the findings in your PCR and make sure to report your findings to the ER staff

Hazardous Material placards are diamond-shaped signs that identify motor carriers transporting dangerous goods. In what area of the placard must the hazard class or division number be located? A. Upper left size of the diamond B. Upper right side of the diamond C. Lower section of the diamond D. Upper section of the diamond

C. Lower section of the diamond

A patient calls 911 due to concern for an "eye injury" after being involved in a fight. On arrival, there is swelling noted around the base of the right eye. Exam reveals limited upward range of motion of the right eye, along with significant tenderness to palpation of the bone beneath the eye. What is the most plausible mechanism of injury in this patient? A. Damage to the nerves of the eye B. Autoimmune disease affecting the muscles C. Infection surrounding the eye D. Trauma to the bones around the eye

D. Trauma to the bones around the eye

Your 35-year-old patient has cut off the distal third of her middle and index fingers while chopping vegetables. She is anxious, but you are able to keep her calm after bandaging her hand, applying oxygen, and engaging her with calm, reassuring talk. She agrees to be transported to the ED. What is the best way to transport the amputated fingers? A. pack the fingers on ice B. place the fingers in cold, sterile water C. wrap the fingers in a dry, sterile dressing and submerge them in cool water D. Wrap the fingers in dry, sterile dressing and place on ice

D. Wrap the fingers in dry, sterile dressing and place on ice

A middle-aged male collapses while shopping with his family; per bystanders, he has no palpable pulse and is taking staccato gasping breaths. Which of the following acronyms encapsulates the treatments he is likely to require from you specifically? A. CPR B. BLS C. ACLS D. FAST

C. ACLS

A homeless patient with suspected hypothermia is being transported. On secondary survey you note ulceration of the fingertips on most of the fingers. What is the likely etiology of these ulcers? A. Physical trauma B. Recreational drug abuse C. Malnutrition D. Repeated episodes of cold exposure

D. Repeated episodes of cold exposure

You have responded to a motor vehicle collision. After performing a primary survey of the patient, which of the following observations would lead you to decide NOT to use a Kendrick extrication device during extrication? A. Pelvic instability B. Penetrating chest trauma C. Open leg fracture D. Amputated extremity

B. Penetrating chest trauma

A baby born healthy 3 weeks before his or her due date is considered which of the following? A. Premature B. A "term" baby C. At significant risk for retinopathy of prematurity D. Always required assisted oxygen of some sort

B. A "term" baby

The National Incident Management System contains three incident management priorities. Which of the following is NOT an incident management priority of the National Incident Management System? A. Communications plans B. Incident stabilization C. Life safety D. Property conservation

A. Communications plans

When out in the community and off-shift, how are EMS professionals most likely to be infected by a virus during a pandemic? A. Respiratory droplets B. Fomites C. Aerosols D. skin to skin contact

B. Fomites

You are dispatched to a motor vehicle accident. When you arrive, you find a 29-year-old female who is semi-conscious and bleeding from the nose and head. Also present is a 2-year-old who is unconscious with respirations of 6 per minute. You begin to assess the adult female, and your partner begins to assist the child with ventilations. Your partner is using a pediatric BVM and is squeezing the reservoir entirely. You are using a flashlight to assess the adult's neurological status, and you have called for another unit. As you are preparing both for placement on backboards, which of the following is a potential concern you should address from the above information? A. Potential barotrauma for the child B. potential barotrauma for the adult C. Potential hypovolemic shock in the child D. Potential septic shock for the adult

A. Potential barotrauma for the child

The following definition is describing which bone/bones: "The longest bones within the human body"? A. The spinal vertebrae B. The humerus bones C. The femurs D. The fibula

C. The femurs

In medical shorthand, what does the letter "Q" refer to? A. dosage amount B. number of doses C. patient status D. dosing interval

D. dosing interval

A mother calls EMS after weighing her infant and noticing that his weight has been consistently decreasing in the first week since he has been born, what intervention is most likely to be necessary for this infant? A. increased PO intake of breast milk B. Switch from breast milk to formula C. adding protein and vitamin supplementation D. no intervention is likely to be necessary

D. no intervention is likely to be necessary

You arrive on scene to find a woman that has suffered blunt force chest trauma from a broken restraint on a carnival ride. She is currently experiencing difficulty breathing and sharp pain during inspiration/exhalation; she rates at 9-10. During auscultation of her breath sounds, you hear nothing on the right side of her chest and she appears hypoxic. Which of the following is MOST likely? A. Pneumothorax B. Hemoptysis C. Pulmonary embolus D. Hemothroax

A.Pneumothorax

The muscle cells in the heart are unique from other types of muscle in which of the following ways? A. They require much lower amounts of oxygen to function B. They are much stronger than other types of muscle C. They can contract without an external electrical signal D. They are randomly organized and form thick sheets.

C. They can contract without an external electrical signal

The administration of epinephrine causes peripheral vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation from its alpha properties. Epinephrine also has strong beta II stimulatory properties. What does the associated beta II stimulation do for the patient? A. Decrease in blood pressure B. Decrease oxygen demand of the heart C. Dilation of bronchioles D. Dilation of cerebral arteries

C. Dilation of bronchioles

When performing primary triage, first responders should document which of the following? A. The patient's priority and status B. The patients location and status C. The patients status and transport need D. The patients location and transport need

D. The patients location and transport need

Which of the following is the first phase in ventricular contraction? A. Diastole B. Isvolumetric contraction C. Ventricular ejection D. Isovolumetric relaxation

B. Isvolumetric contraction

Your local jurisdiction is experiencing a shortage of respiratory protective equipment during a viral pandemic, thought to be spread by both respiratory droplets and aerosolization of virus particles. Assuming you are issued 2 N-95 masks per week, which of the following is the best way to protect yourself? A. Using one mask until it wear out then switching B. Alternating masks each day you are on shift C. Heating the masks in an oven on the lowest heat D. Wiping the outside of each mask with a cleaner after use

B. Alternating masks each day you are on shift

Which of the following procedures, if performed on a patient with a respiratory viral illness, is most likely to create a large number of aerosolized viral particles? A. Nasal Cannula B. Non - rebreather C. Bilevel positive airway pressure D. Intubation and bag valve mask ventilation

C. Bilevel positive airway pressure

You are called to a residence to treat a COVID-19 positive patient that is now developing confusion, tachypnea, and a cough productive of pink frothy sputum. Which of the following is likely to be the best option for treating this patient while in transit? A. Nonrebreather at 15 LPM B. Bilevel postive airway pressure C. Combination of nonrebreather and nasal cannula D. Intubation and bag valve mask ventilation

C. Combination of nonrebreather and nasal cannula

You are dispatched to an 86-year-old female who her husband states has been vomiting dark brown, sticky liquid for the last couple of hours. BP 89/40; P, 118; R, 32. Her skin is cool and clammy. She is incoherent and her speech is slurred. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her signs and symptoms? A. Pneumonia B. Food poisoning C. Intestinal perforation D. Gastric ulcer

D. Gastric ulcer

A chronic drug abuser is found conscious but somnolent. HR 52, RR 5, BP 76/50. They adamantly refuse transport despite a history of OD requiring ICU care. What acronym will be used to categorize this patients refusal? A. AMA B. D/C C. W/O reason D. EXT

A. AMA

Fluid buildup that is found in the tissues is called: A. Exema B. Heart failure C. Hypovolemia D. Edema

D. Edema

Organophosphates, also called nerve agents, kill in which of the following ways? A. By closing off the upper airway B. By compromising the ability of the heart to beat C. By compromising the ability to absorb oxygen D. By causing massive intestinal blood loss

C. By compromising the ability to absorb oxygen

Your partner is ventilating an apneic patient with a BVM. They are having difficulty keeping air from entering the patient's stomach, and you've called for an advanced level provider to arrive and place an ET tube. Which of the following could you do next to help your partner until the advanced level provider arrives? A. Alternate ventilating the patient with your partner B. Apply chest pressure C. Apply cricoid pressure D. Add a nasal cannula to the patient

C. Apply cricoid pressure

Which of the following items should be readily accessible for the identification of hazardous materials? A. The national response to the HAZMAT incidents B. Haz - mat logarithm sheet C. Binoculars D. Computer aided management of emergency operations

C. Binoculars

When inspecting the interior of a vehicle involved in a frontal collision, you note the dash panel beneath the steering wheel is broken. Which of the following injuries is characteristic for this type of evidence? A. Femur fractures B. Abdominal trauma C. Humerus fracture D. Traumatic brain injury

A. Femur fractures

Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question? A. Is your chest pain sharp or dull B. Can you describe your pain to me? C. Does your pain radiate anywhere? D. Are you having trouble breathing

B. Can you describe your pain to me?

What are the primary causes of shock? A. Vasodilation, excess fluid loss, and impaired heart function B. Vasocontriction, impaired heart function, and excess fluid loss C. Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and excess fluid loss D. Vasodilation, fluid retention, and impaired heart function.

A. Vasodilation, excess fluid loss, and impaired heart function

Which of the following arteries has the highest blood pressure in the body? A. The pulmonary arteries B. The ascending aorta C. The renal arteries D. The descending aorta

B. The ascending aorta

EMS is called for a nursing home patient who has had 2 days of abdominal discomfort with vomiting and diarrhea and who is now breathing rapid, shallow breaths and is minimally responsive. Which of the following elements of the exam is likely to be the most abnormal in this patient? A. Airway and breathing status B. Circulatory status C. Pain pattern and duration of illness D. Past hemoglobin A1C

B. Circulatory status

When checking a pulse on a 42-year-old female who collapsed at the local movie theater, which of the following should you do simultaneously while evaluating this patient's pulse? A. Check for a medical alert bracelet B. Check for rise and fall of the chest C. Make sure the movie didn't start D. Call 911

B. Check for rise and fall of the chest

A MVA victim is placed on a spinal backboard, this is usually done to prevent injury to which of the following body systems? A. DVT (deep vein thrombosis) B. PNS (peripheral nervous system) C. CNS (Central nervous system) D. MSK (musculoskeletal)

C. CNS (Central nervous system)

Primary blast injuries are caused by: A. The remainder of the original container, shrapnel, glass or other materials from nearby structures B. The pressure wave that extends in all directions causing blunt injuries to the inside of the body, especially to hollow organs C. Victims being thrown to the ground or into other solid objects, causing additional blunt and penetrating injuries D. none of above

B. The pressure wave that extends in all directions causing blunt injuries to the inside of the body, especially to hollow organs

A partial thickness burn of both arms would be classified as what type of burn? A. superficial burn B. minor burn C. Moderate burn D. critical burn

C. Moderate burn

The forearm is given structure by what two bones? A. Tibia, Fibula B. Humerus, Glenoid C. Radius, Ulna D. Metacarpals, carpals

C. Radius, Ulna

A 2-year-old is presenting with cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever in the setting of a previously known viral illness. Which of the following predisposed this patient to their current condition? A. The prevalence of asthma in this age group B. The continuing development of the alveoli C. The small diameter of the trachea D. The weak immune system

B. The continuing development of the alveoli

All patients undergoing transport for abdominal pain should get which of the following? A. nothing by mouth B. PO fluid replenishment C. PO pain medication D. Orthostatic blood pressure checks

A. nothing by mouth

You have just delivered a brand new baby boy. After stimulating and suctioning the baby, you begin your assessment. Assessment reveals that the baby is pink in color, has a pulse of 120 bpm, coughs and cries when stimulated, moves vigorously on his own, and has strong, regular respirations. What APGAR score would you assign to this patient? A. 10 B. 9 C. 8 D. 7

A. 10

During your initial assessment, you discover your patient is bleeding from an obvious stab wound. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding proper care? A. You should apply an airtight dressing to all wounds that result from a stabbing B. Dressings should be used to cover sterile bandages when attempting to control bleeding C. Bleeding control technique should be started during the scene size up while you form a general impression D. OSHA recommends you take strict body substance isolation precaution when dressing an open wound

D. OSHA recommends you take strict body substance isolation precaution when dressing an open wound

Your 35-year-old patient has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 3 days. She is showing signs of hypoperfusion. What is the probable state of shock? A. Anaphylactic shock B. Cardiogenic shock C. Septic Shock D. Hypovolemic shock

D. Hypovolemic shock

Two highschoolers are evaluated by a school nurse; one has a resting heart rate of 60, the other 105. Which conclusion can be most accurately drawn about these patients health? A. One patient is likely more physically active B. The patient with the HR of 60 is bradycardic C. The patient with the HR of 105 is tachycardic D. One patient is more pshycoligically stressed

A. One patient is likely more physically active

You are on scene with an elderly female COPD patient that advises she took 2 puffs from her prescribed inhaler, albuterol (Ventolin) prior to your arrival. How will this medication relieve respiratory distress? A. Relaxing the smooth muscle of the heart B. Increasing the effectiveness of lung expansion C. Relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles D. By increasing heart rate to increase 02 delivery to the tissues

C. Relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles

You are dispatched to a home where a 45-year-old male is having difficulty breathing. When you arrive, you see the patient sitting upright, leaning slightly forward with his legs spread and his hands braced on the chair. He is moving his upper body with each breath, almost rocking back and forth. You see his skin retract around his ribs with each breath. His nostrils are flaring. You take his vital signs, and they are as follows: BP 140/75, HR 115, RR 30. His nail beds are cyanotic. Which of the following should you do next? A. Prepare for CPR B. Administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask C. Administer epinephrine D. Place the patient on a backboard

B. Administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask

How do "signs" differ from "symptoms" in the setting of a medical history and assessment? A. They are always objective B. They are always subjective C. They are always predictive of injury D. They are always associated with a symptom

A. They are always objective

Which of the following chest pain characteristics is most concerning for an acute coronary syndrome such as myocardial infarction (MI)? A. Improves with exercise B. Lasting for days at a time C. A sensation of pressure in the chest D. Located in the epigastrium

C. A sensation of pressure in the chest

You are dispatched for a man down who is unresponsive but breathing. After the scene has been secured you note a male in his twenties lying supine the ground. Your initial assessment reveals a sucking chest wound. Your immediate reaction should be to: A. Prepare an occlusive dressing and apply over the wound B. Pack the wound with sterile gauze C. Place your gloved hand over the wound D. Continue your assessment then go back and bandage the wound when you are done

C. Place your gloved hand over the wound

You are dispatched to a restaurant where a teenager is reported as having breathing difficulties. On arrival, you find a 17-year-old male who is experiencing respiratory distress, with visible rash on his chest and throat. He says his throat "is closing up." His mother tells you that he has a peanut allergy. You assist the patient in administering his EpiPen and prepare for transport. The patient is large, so you quietly ask him for his height and weight. He replies that he is 5'10" and 378 pounds. You place the patient on oxygen via nasal cannula. Which of the following should you consider next? A. The weight capacity of your stretcher B. The teenagers embarrassment at having a reaction at the restaurant C. The weight capacity of your ambulance truck D. Taking a sample of his food to test for peanuts

A. The weight capacity of your stretcher

Which of the following type of stretcher can come with winch systems, or elevator systems to facilitate loading into the ambulance. A. Flexible stretcher B. Winch stretcher C. Wheeled stretcher D. Bariatric stretcher

D. Bariatric stretcher

When assessing APGAR at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, you can score up to 2 points for each sign. If your baby's irritability level is represented by an angry, scrunched up face, what Grimace score would you give? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

B. 1

A patient is in the ER following tourniquet hemostasis of a L hand amputation. The tourniquet was placed just distal to the shoulder and kept in place for 1.5 hours. The patient is now complaining of weakness and numbness of his L arm. What is the likely etiology of these neurological issues? A. Brain damage from extreme blood loss B. Ischemic damage to the muscles of the arm C. Nerve Damage within the arm D. Compressive injury to the blood vessels of the arm

C. Nerve Damage within the arm

When interviewing a patient from another culture other than your own it is difficult to avoid interpreting the situation from the viewpoint of our own culture. This is known as: A. Age appropriateness B. Racism C. Anthropmorphism D. Imposition

D. Imposition

Which of the following is required during Anaerobic metabolism to create ATP? A. Carbon Dioxide B. Oxygen C. Glucose D. Nitrogen

C. Glucose

You are called to attend a pesticide industry employee who is complaining of his skin burning. Your inspection reveals a fine misted product on his clothing. After assuring scene safety, removing clothing, and flushing the skin, which complication should you be also be concerned with? A. Poisoning by inhalation B. Third degree burns C. Scarring of the skin D. Tachycardia

A. Poisoning by inhalation

Which blood component is responsible for carrying oxygen to the body and CO2 away from it? A. Leukocytes B. Erythrocytes C. Plasma D. Platelets

B. Erythrocytes

In most regions of the country it is EMS protocol to administer nitroglycerin to a chest pain patient that is suspected of experiencing a cardiac event. What does nitroglycerin do to help relieve cardiac related chest pain? A. It acts on pain receptors in the nervous system B. It constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure C. It dilates blood vessels, decreasing myocardial workload D. Increases blood flow to the periphery

C. It dilates blood vessels, decreasing myocardial workload

SOAP is an acronym for a patient care report and is used for narrative documentation and includes all pertinent information. Using the SOAP method to write your PCR report, which of the following should be included for the letter "A," in the acronym? A. Objective data that can be verified or observed by multiple people B. The treatment to be carried out in the best interest of the patient C. Details relative to the patient experience of the illness or injury D. The analysis of the problem based upon subjective and objective data

D. The analysis of the problem based upon subjective and objective data

A bicyclist runs over a pothole in the road and is thrown off of his bike into an oncoming car. Bystanders note that he was hit by the bumper of an oncoming car at waist level, in the lower quadrants of the abdomen. Which of the following organs is most likely to exhibit injury in this patient? A. The liver B. The Kidneys C. The diaphragm D. The intestines

D. The intestines

You are called to a rodeo where an employee was crushed against a wall by a bull. Airway and circulation are intact, but breathing is punctuated by shortness of breath and pain with inspiration, there are crackles in the lower lung bases bilaterally. The patient is holding his chest and has tenderness to palpation diffusely. What is the likely injury this patient has sustained? A. Pulmonary contusion B. Pneumthroax C. Hemothorax D. Flail chest

A. Pulmonary contusion

A BLS ambulance responds to a 2-car MVC. One car has rear-ended the other. What type of injuries will the rescuer MOST likely find on an unrestrained driver of the car that was rear-ended? A. Blunt trauma to the abdomnopelvic region B. Open skull fx from the steering wheel C. Internal bleeding from spleen /liver injury D. Cervical spine trauma from whiplash type injury

D. Cervical spine trauma from whiplash type injury

At an MVA, you discover an unconscious adult male with paradoxical movement of the left chest wall, crepitus on palpation of the thorax, and signs of hypoxia. Which of the following is most likely the cause of the findings? A. A tension pneumothorax from the blunt trauma associated with an MVA B. Fractured ribs from a seat belt injury C. A flail rib section from blunt trauma D. A sternal fractures from impact with the steering wheel

C. A flail rib section from blunt trauma

For which of the following mechanisms of injury would provoke the highest index of suspicion for hemorrhagic shock? A. Blast trauma to the head, resulting in full thickness laceration to the forehead B. Ten foot fall from a ladder C. Frontal impact motor vehicle collision at 45 miles per hour D. Gunshot wound resulting in an open tib - fib

C. Frontal impact motor vehicle collision at 45 miles per hour

Our goal for treating ingested toxins is to prevent the toxin from reaching which of the following areas? A. The stomach B. The brain C. The small intestine D. The Liver

C. The small intestine

Toxins enter the body through all of the following routes except? A. ingestion B. Lymphatics C. Skin D. Blood vessels

B. Lymphatics

A MVA (Motor Vehicular Accident) victim is placed on a spinal backboard. This is usually done to prevent injury to which of the following body systems? A. CV (Cardiovascular) B. PNS (Peripheral nervous system) C. CNS (Central Nervous system) D. MSK (Musculoskeletal system)

C. CNS (Central Nervous system)

Which of the following abbreviations refer to the compound that leads to a significant number of U.S. MVA deaths? A. MJ B. NO2 C. ETOH D. PCP

C. ETOH

EMS is contacted for the transport of an adult trauma patient, which of the following acronyms describes the best initial steps in assessment for this patient? A. IVF B. ABC's C. D/C D. PEX

B. ABC's

A pediatric patient with a history of heart problems is found collapsed by school staff. The patient has a medical alert bracelet with the engraving "CARDIAC WPW." Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient's condition? A. Cardiac Ischemia B. Failure of the natural pacemaker C. A fatal arrhythmia D. An extremely rapid heart rate

D. An extremely rapid heart rate

"Was it related to anything in particular or did it begin all on its own?" is a question relating to: A. Quality B. Onset C. Severity D. Timing

B. Onset

Which of the following describes the appropriate treatment for an evisceration? A.Dry, bulky dressing to cover evisceration B.Occlusive dressing and pressure bandage C. Moist, sterile dressing soaked in NS and covered with occlusive dressing D. Pack organs back into body. Cover with sterile dressing

C. Moist, sterile dressing soaked in NS and covered with occlusive dressing

Which best describes the term 'primigravida?' A. A woman's first pregnancy B. A woman's first live birth C. A woman who has had more than one child D. A woman who has more than one pregnancy

A. A woman's first pregnancy

You are treating a 58-year-old male with abdominal pain and fatigue. He states that his stools have been dark and tarry. His abdomen is tender to palpation. Which of the following is the likely cause of his condition? A. A ruptured liver B. A ruptured appendix C. An upper gastrointestinal bleed D. A lower abdominal bleed

C. An upper gastrointestinal bleed

You are medical coverage at the local fair. You and your partner are called by frantic parents into the food tent for a 6-year-old child who is conscious, but not breathing because of airway obstruction. What is the first thing you should do for this patient? A. Open the airway with head / tilt chin lift maneuver B. Visualize the airway and perform a finger sweep C. Give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts D. Perform subdiaphgramtic abdominal thrusts

D. Perform subdiaphgramtic abdominal thrusts

Which of the following would place an elderly patient at the greatest risk of developing a potentially fatal lung infection? A. Difficulty with getting adequate exercise B. Difficulty swallowing foods C. The inability to make a strong cough D. Difficulty remembering when to take medications

B. Difficulty swallowing foods

What is the treatment of choice for a sucking chest wound that occurred due to penetrating trauma? A. Apply an occlusive bandage B. Apply a gauze 4 x4 and seal on 3 sides C. Needle decompression D. Plug the hole with a finger

A. Apply an occlusive bandage

Your patient is 36-year-old female who is about to deliver her sixth child and it is obvious that delivery is imminent. You and your partner set-up for a field delivery and mom starts pushing. Immediately after delivery, how should you position the infant? A. At the level of the mother's vagina, with the infants head slightly elevated B. Lower than the mother's vagina with the infants head at the same level as the body C. At the level of the mothers vagina, with its head slightly lower than the body D. Higher than the mother's vagina with the infants head slightly elevated

C. At the level of the mothers vagina, with its head slightly lower than the body

Which of the following best mirrors the change in respiratory rate that is expected as a one-year-old child ages to three years? A. 40 to 60 B. 20 to 30 C. 30 to 20 D. 60 to 40

C. 30 to 20

You are assessing a 76-year-old male complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath that is slowly worsening. He is conscious and alert but is struggling to breathe with audible rales auscultated. These signs and symptoms most likely indicate which of the following? A. A pulmonary embolism B. Collapse of the vena cava C. New myocardial infarction D. heart failure

D. heart failure

A 16-year-old male patient who has jumped from a second-story window. The patient landed feet first and now has no feeling below the waist. Based on the information, what type of spinal column injury is most likely? A. Hyperflexion B. Rotational C.Compression D. Hypoflexion

C.Compression

By definition, delirium is: A. A chronic psychiatric diagnosis B.Due to an underlying medical issue C. Permanent and unchanging D. Not life threatening

B.Due to an underlying medical issue

You have responded to a building that has collapsed. Upon arrival, the triage officer informs you that there are multiple patients within the structure and you have been assigned to protect one of the patients for an extended period of time. Why have you been assigned this task? A.The triage officer is prioritizing patients for you to extricate. B. The resources needed to stabilize the building and extricate patients are not immediately available and will take time to arrive on the scene. C. The resources needed to stabilize the building have been dispatched and should arrive within minutes. D.The Incident Commander has assigned a rescue group and is prioritizing patients for them to extricate.

B. The resources needed to stabilize the building and extricate patients are not immediately available and will take time to arrive on the scene.

You have responded to a fire at a nursing home. Upon arrival, you find that the fire department has established nursing home command and requests that you perform patient triage as patients are brought from the burning structure. After several minutes on the scene, a portion of the structure collapses in a fire ball and additional resources are requested. As additional resources begin arriving, how is the Incident Command System capable of handling their implementation during the incident? A.The Incident Command System should not be used in this situation as it is only designed to be implemented on large scale, multi-jurisdictional incidents. B.The Incident Command System is designed to be executable, this means as new resources arrive, they can be integrated in the system regardless of size or incident complexity. C.The Incident Command System is not designed to be scale-able, this mean as new resources arrive, they can not be integrated into the system regardless of size or incident complexity. D.The Incident Command System is designed to be scale-able, this means as new resources arrive, they can be integrated into the system regardless of size or incident complexity.

D.The Incident Command System is designed to be scale-able, this means as new resources arrive, they can be integrated into the system regardless of size or incident complexity.

The cranium is made up of several bones that are connected by which of the following joint types? A. Glide joints B. Sliding joints C. Articulated Joints D. Fused Joints

D. Fused Joints

At which gestational age does the pregnant uterus convert from being a pelvic organ to an abdominal organ? A. 6 weeks B. 12 weeks C. 16 - 17 weeks D. >20 weeks

B. 12 weeks

Which blood component is responsible for cellular immune defense against infections? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Leukocytes D. Erythrocytes

C. Leukocytes

Which blood component is important in the formation of clots? A. Leukocytes B. Erythrocytes C. Plasma D. Platelets

D. Platelets

Your patient is a 24-month-old male burned who spilled hot oil on his head and back from a deep fryer sitting on a counter above him. He has burns to the back half of his head, as well as his entire back. Using the Rule of Nines, what would the percentage of total body surface area would the account for? A. 18 B. 40 C. 27 D. 36

C. 27

A patient is being transported for a chest injury. Their airway and circulation are intact but they have been becoming progressively short of breath since the injury. There is a large bloody spot on his right side of the upper torso. What is the most likely etiology for this patient's shortness of breath? A. Hemorthroax B. Pneumothorax C. Tracheal collapse D. Hemorrhagic shock

B. Pneumothorax

Several seconds after assisting a pregnant patient in delivering a full-term infant the child hasn't taken a spontaneous breath on their own. Which of the following is the best way to stimulate the neonate to take their first breath? A. By providing oxygen via facemark B. Alternating back slaps and gentle chest compressions C. Gently smacking them on the buttocks D.Flicking the soles of the feet or rubbing the back

D.Flicking the soles of the feet or rubbing the back

Peripheral resistance is indicated with: A. Systolic pressure B. Diastolic pressure C. Pulse pressure D. Partial 02 pressure

B. Diastolic pressure

Your patient is a 3-year-old male whose parents have called EMS because their son woke up from his nap with a hoarse barking cough and seems to be having some difficulty breathing. You note the child is afebrile, and his lung sounds are clear and equal but that he has significant inspiratory stridor, a respiratory rate of 30, and a pulse rate of 124. Which of the following is the most likely the cause/appropriate treatment of this child's problem? A. Asthma, Albuterol B. Bronchitis, racemic epinephrine C. Epiglottis, breathing in cool night air D. Laryngotracheitis, humidified oxygen

D. Laryngotracheitis, humidified oxygen

A patient had a recent colonoscopy with biopsies taken. He now complains of spots of blood on the toilet paper when he wipes after a bowel movement, however, he states he does not have blood in his stool. This patient most likely: A. A tear in the lower GI tract is bleeding B. He ate beets for dinner C. The patient had a bloody nose for 3 days prior D. He has hemorrhoids

D. He has hemorrhoids

You are called to a nursing home for an unresponsive 62-year-old female who is lying on the floor of the dining room. When you arrive, bystanders have surrounded her and one of the techs has started CPR. They say she has been pulseless and apneic for about 10 minutes. What should you do next? A. Clear the bystanders and start CPR B. Have the tech continue CPR as you attach the AED C. Ask medical control to terminate resuscitation efforts D. Call for PD and wait for them to clear the scene

B. Have the tech continue CPR as you attach the AED

You are dispatched to a 1-month-old in respiratory distress. On arrival, you see the infant struggling to breathe. Their vitals are as follows: BP 90/45, HR 210, RR 70, SpO2 89%. Your initial assessment shows significant mucus in the nares, clear lung sounds, no foreign bodies, no evidence of trauma, and significant work of breathing. You initiate oxygen via a nonrebreather mask, but the infant's SpO2 does not change. What is your first priority action? A. Call for ALCS and prepare for intubation; the child is becoming exhausted B. Prepare for CPR as you expect cardiac failure secondary to respiratory failure C. Keep the infant on the nonrebreather mask and rapid transport D. Suction the infant's nares and oropharynx; his airway may be blocked

D. Suction the infant's nares and oropharynx; his airway may be blocked

All of the following are true about stages of labor EXCEPT: A. Stage 1 begins with any dilation of the cervix B. Stage 2 ends with delivery of the baby C. Stage 3 precede delivery of the placenta D. Only stage 1 has a latent phase

A. Stage 1 begins with any dilation of the cervix

What is the primary function of aspirin in chest pain? A. Pain relief B. Vessel dilation C. Clot dissolution D. Inhibit platelet aggregation

D. Inhibit platelet aggregation

What is the primary mechanism of action of a nitrate? A. Vasoconstriction B. Vasodilation C. Antiemetic D. Sedation

B. Vasodilation