Lower and Upper airway

Question 1

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 1

The respiratory system consists of structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing (respiration).

Question 2

What is in the upper airway?

Answer 2

1. Nose
   
   2. Mouth (oral cavity)
   3. Tongue
   4. Jaw (mandible)
   5. Larynx
      a. Dividing line between the upper and lower airways

Question 3

Pharynx

Answer 3

Nasopharynx

	b. Oropharynx (throat)
	c. Laryngopharynx

Question 4

Trachea

Answer 4

. Located at the bottom of the pharynx

Question 5

Epiglottis

Answer 5

Thin, leaf-shaped flap that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea

Question 6

Esophagus

Answer 6

Immediately posterior to the trachea

b. Food and liquids enter the pharynx and then pass into the esophagus, which carries them to the stomach

Question 7

What is the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 7

(Adam’s apple): forms the anterior part of the larynx

Question 8

What is cricoid cartilage?

Answer 8

lies immediately below the thyroid cartilage

Question 9

What is circothyroid membrane?

Answer 9

lies between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Question 10

What is trachea?

Answer 10

: lies below the cricoid cartilage

	a. The trachea ends at the carina.
	b. It divides into the right and left main stem bronchi, which enter the lungs and branch into smaller airways.

Question 11

Lung

Answer 11

1. Each lung is divided into lobes.
   
   2. Within the lobes are the bronchi and bronchioles, which end in small grape-like sacs called alveoli.
      a. Alveoli allow for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Question 12

What are the muscles in breathing?

Answer 12

1. ) diaphragm

2. ) Intercostal muscles

Question 13

What is diaphragm?

Answer 13

a. Primary muscle of breathing

b. Divides the thorax from the abdomen

Question 14

what is intercostal muscles?

Answer 14

During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, moving the ribs up and out, enlarging the chest cavity, decreasing the pressure in the lungs, and moving air in.

	b. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the chest cavity, increasing the pressure in the lungs, and moving air out.
3. Neck (cervical muscles)
4. Abdominal muscles
5. Pectoral muscles