Tonicity and Osmolarity Flashcards
What are the indications and considerations for 5% Dextrose in Water?
Provides the free water necessary for renal excretion of solutes, used to replace water losses and treat hypernatremia, provides 170 calories/L. No electrolytes.
What are the indications and considerations for 10% Dextrose in water?
Provides free water only, no electrolytes, provides 340 calories/L
What are the indications and considerations for 0.45% saline?
Provides free water in addition to Na+ and Cl-. Used to replace hypotonic fluid losses. Used as maintenance solution. provides no calories.
What are the indications and considerations for 0.9% saline?
Used to expand intravascular volume and replace extracellular fluid losses. Only solution that may be administered with blood products. Contains Na+ and Cl- in excess plasma levels. Does not provide free water, calories, or other electrolytes. May cause intravascular overload or hyperchloremic acidosis.
What are the indications and considerations for 3.0% saline?
Used to treat symptomatic hyponatremia, must be administered slowly with extreme caution because it may cause dangerous intravascular fluid overload and pulmonary edema.
What are the indications and considerations for 5% Dextrose in 0.255% saline?
Provides Na+, Cl- and free water. Used to replace hypotonic losses and treat hypernatremia, provides 170 calories/L.
What are the indications and considerations for 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline/
Same as 0.45% NaCl except provides 170 calories.
What are the indications and considerations for 5% dextrose in 0.9% Saline?
Same as 0.9% NaCl except provides 170 calories/L
What are the indications and considerations for Ringers Solution?
Similar in composition to plasma except that it has excess Cl-, no Mg2+ and no HCO3-. Does not provide free water or calories. Used to expand the intravascular volume and replace ECF losses.
