Inflammation

Question 1

Characteristics and cells present in acute inflammatory response:

Answer 1

1) Edema (swelling)
2) Emigration of leukocytes (neutrophils)
3) Rapid onset

Question 2

Characteristics and cells present in chronic inflammatory response:

Answer 2

1) Macrophages and lymphocytes
2) Proliferation of blood vessels
3) Long duration: weeks or months

Question 3

Cardinal signs of inflammation:

Answer 3

1) Redness (rubor)
2) Swelling (tumor)
3) Heat (calor)
4) Pain (dolor)
5) Loss of function

Question 4

What causes redness and heat in inflammation?

Answer 4

Hyperemia (increased blood vessels at the site of inflammation)

Question 5

What causes pain in inflammation?

Answer 5

Release of bradykinin and PGE2

Question 6

Pus is filled with:

Answer 6

Purulent, rich in leukocytes (mostly neutrophils), the debris of dead cells, and microbes

Question 7

Mast cells secrete which type of mediator?

Answer 7

Histamine: vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, endothelial activation

Question 8

Platelets secrete which type of mediator?

Answer 8

Serotonin: vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

Question 9

Mast cells, leukocytes secrete which type of mediator?

Answer 9

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes

Question 10

Endothelium, macrophages secrete which type of mediator?

Answer 10

Nitric oxide: vascular smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

Question 11

Cell responsible for the production of fever

Answer 11

Cytokines (IL-1, TNF), prostaglandins

Question 12

Cells responsible for the production of pain

Answer 12

Prostaglandins, bradykinin

Question 13

Cells of chronic inflammation:

Answer 13

1) Macrophages
2) Lymphocytes
3) Plasma cells
4) Eosinophils, mast cells and fibroblasts

Question 14

Langhans’ giant cells

Answer 14

A type of giant cell that can be described by nuclei arranged in a horse-shoe at the periphery (Ex. Featured in TB, sarcoidosis, leprosy)
-Accompanied by granuloma formation