Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Term 1 MD > Pulmonary System > Flashcards

Pulmonary System Flashcards

1
Q

Surfactant is produced by:

A

Type II alveolar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of surfactant

A

Reduces the surface tension of the alveoli and prevent collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the production of surfactant begin in development?

A

Week 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complete obstruction/blockage/abnormal closure or development of a passage. Due to failure of recanalization of the lumen or incomplete division of the foregut

A

Atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Narrowing/partial closure of a passage. Mainly due to unequal partitioning of the foregut

A

Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abnormal communication/passage due to incomplete division of a tube

A

Fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Germ layer that plays a major role in forming the skull and vertebrae

A

Paraxial mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Germ layer that contributes to the urogenital system

A

Intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Germ layer that is involved in forming the body cavity

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of hernia that is between the xiphoid process and costal margin on the right.

A

Morgagni’s hernia (retrosternal, parasternal)
-Caused by congenital defect in the fusion of septum transverses of the diaphragm and the costal margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hernia due to defective formation or fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane

A

Bochdalek’s hernia (Posterolateral region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hernia due to abnormally large esophageal hiatus that causes fundus of stomach to protrude into posterior mediastinum

A

Congenital hiatal hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eventration of Diaphragm

A

Half of the diaphragm has defective musculature, causing it to balloon into the thoracic cavity as a membranous sheet, forming a diaphragmatic pouch, and the abdominal viscera are displaced superiorly into the pocket-like outpouching of the diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The endoderm lining the respiratory diverticulum gives rise to:

A

The epithelium and glands of the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mesoderm surrounding the respiratory diverticulum gives rise to:

A

The connective tissue, cartilage, and smooth muscle of these structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The epithelial lining of the larynx develops from:

A

The endoderm of the cranial end of the laryngotracheal tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Laryngeal cartilages are derived from:

A

Migration of neural crest cells into the mesenchymal of 4th and 6th pairs of pharyngeal arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Laryngeal muscles develop from:

A

Mesenchymal myoblasts from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The arytenoid swellings are produced from:

A

The mesenchyme at the cranial end of the laryngotracheal tube rapidly proliferating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The laryngotracheal diverticulum is anterior to the foregut and caudal to which pharyngeal arch?

A

4th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ventral division of the tracheoesophageal septum

A

Laryngotracheal tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The dorsal division of the tracheoesophageal septum

A

Oropharynx and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Week 5-17 lung histological stage

A

Pseudo-glandular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Week 16-25 lung histological stage

A

Canalicular

25
Q

Week 24 to birth lung histological stage

A

Terminal saccular

26
Q

Week 32 to 8-10 years of age lung histological stage

A

Alveolar

27
Q

In which stage of development does the lung tissue become highly vascular?

A

Canalicular period

28
Q

In which stage of development does the lung tissue establish the blood-air barrier?

A

Terminal sac period

29
Q

Squamous epithelial cells of endodermal origin that allow gas exchange to occur.

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

30
Q

Intestinal content in the thoracic space is due to:

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

31
Q

Pulmonary hypoplasia may be due to:

A

Oligohydramnios (insufficient amount of amniotic fluid)

32
Q

Coughing and choking during feeding, pneumonia, pneumonitis, polyhydramnios in fetal life is due to which congenital defect?

A

Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF)

33
Q

Projecting into pleuroperitoneal canal during lateral folding of the body wall

A

Pleuroperitoneal folds

34
Q

Forms the median structure where the other parts of the diaphragm will attach

A

Dorsal mesentery of esophagus

35
Q

Results in the final closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal

A

Migration of myoblasts from the lateral body wall.

36
Q

The 4 embryonic components of the Diaphragm

A
  1. Septum transversum
  2. Pleuroperitoneal membranes
  3. Dorsal mesentery of esophagus
  4. Muscular ingrowth from lateral body walls
37
Q

Which structure gives rise to the crura of the diaphragm?

A

The dorsal mesentery of esophagus

38
Q

Pleuroperitoneal membrane defect

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

39
Q

Site for needle decompression of a tension pneumothorax

A

2nd intercostal space in the midclavicular line in affected hemithorax

40
Q

Site for tube thoracostomy

A

4th or 5th intercostal space between anterior axillary and midaxillary lines

41
Q

Region where the mediastinal pleura meets the visceral pleura

A

The hilum

42
Q

Structure that attaches lung to structures in the mediastinum

A

Root of the lung

43
Q

Horizontal fissure boundary

A

Follows the 4th intercostal space laterally to meet the oblique fissure

44
Q

Oblique fissure boundary

A

Begin at the spinous process of the scapula (T4) and follows rib 6 anteriorly

45
Q

Where would an aspirated/inhaled foreign object be lodged?

A

The wider, shorter and more vertical right bronchus and eventually in the right lower lobe

46
Q

a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung, and the collapse is distal to obstruction

A

Atelectasis

47
Q

Order for Lymphatic drainage in the lungs:

A

1) Intrapulmonary vessels and nodes
2) Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes
3) Tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes
4) Paratracheal nodes
5) Bronchomediastinal lymph trunk
6) Right thoracic trunk/thoracic duct
7) Systemic venous system

48
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the lung:

A

Vagus nerve

49
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the lung:

A

Cardiopulmonary nerves (bronchodilation, beta receptors) and vasoconstriction

50
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Decreased alveolar ventilation with increased PaCO2

51
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased alveolar ventilation with decreased PaCO2

52
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increased carbon dioxide in blood

53
Q

Hypopnea

A

Decreased ventilation in response to lowered metabolic CO2 production

54
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased ventilation in response to increased metabolic CO2 production (exercise), which should purge CO2 levels

55
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

56
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased frequency of breathing

57
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath/labored breathing

58
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing

Term 1 MD (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions