Cartilage/Bone

Question 1

Chondroblasts

Answer 1

Chondrogenic cells give rise to chondroblasts
Synthesize cartilage matrix
Responsible for external growth of cartilage

Question 2

What type of growth is chondroblasts responsible for?

Answer 2

Appositional growth

Question 3

Chondrocytes

Answer 3

Are matured chondroblasts located in the lacunae and surrounded by matrix
-Located deeper to the chondroblasts and are more spherical

Question 4

Isogenous groups

Answer 4

Groups of 4-8 chondrocytes that are suggestive of internal growth (interstitial growth)

Question 5

Interstitial growth

Answer 5

Internal growth of chondrocytes

Question 6

Chondroclast

Answer 6

Originates from monocytes
Help to remodel the cartilage

Question 7

What type of collage composes the extracellular matrix?

Answer 7

Type II collagen (Hyaline cartilage)

Question 8

Capsular matrix

Answer 8

Matrix adjacent to the chondrocyte

Question 9

Territorial matrix (TM)

Answer 9

Matrix found around isogenous groups

Question 10

Interterritorial matrix (IM)

Answer 10

Matrix in-between isogenous groups

Question 11

Territorial Matrix composition

Answer 11

Randomly arranged network of type II collagen fibrils with smaller quantities of type IX collagen
-Lower concentration of sulfated proteoglycans
-Less basophilic than the capsular matrix

Question 12

Perichondrium layers

Answer 12

1. Outer fibrous layer contains fibroblasts: synthesize collagen type I and matrix
2. Inner cellular layer/chondrogenic layer: chondrogenic cells

Question 13

Is cartilage avascular or vascular?

Answer 13

Avascular: Nutrients are supplied by vessels from perichondrium by diffusion or from the synovial fluid at the articular surfaces

Question 14

Inner cellular layer (CL) of perichondrium

Answer 14

Source of chondroblasts

Question 15

Outer fibrous layer (FL)

Answer 15

1. Contains fibroblasts
2. Type I collagen
3. Blood vessels

Question 16

Hyaline cartilage collagen type

Answer 16

Type 2: Glassy like appearance

Question 17

Elastic cartilage collagen type

Answer 17

Type 2 collagen with elastic fibers

Question 18

Fibrocartilage collagen type

Answer 18

Mix of type 1 and type 2 cartilage lacks a perichondrium

Question 19

Appositional growth

Answer 19

The process that forms new cartilage at the surface of an existing cartilage

Question 20

Type of cell that is metabolically active and multifunctional that respond to mechanical forces applied to the bone.

Answer 20

Osteocytes

Question 21

Key regulator of calcium and phosphate levels in the extracellular fluid

Answer 21

Parathyroid hormone

Question 22

PTH acts to:

Answer 22

Raise low blood blood calcium levels to normal

Question 23

PTH is secreted by

Answer 23

the principal (chief) cells of the parathyroid glands

Question 24

Calcitonin acts on:

Answer 24

The bone to lower elevated blood calcium levels to normal

Question 25

Calcitonin is secreted by

Answer 25

The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.