Serum Proteins

Question 1

Proteins in the alpha-1 globulin band

Answer 1

1) alpha1-antitrypsin
2) alpha-fetoprotein
3) transcortin
4) retinol binding protein

Question 2

proteins in the alpha-2 globulin band

Answer 2

1) alpha2-macroglobulin
2) ceruloplasmin
3) haptoglobin

Question 3

Proteins in the beta globulin gand

Answer 3

1) Transferrin
2) hemopexin
3) LDL

Question 4

where is albumin synthesized?

Answer 4

the liver

Question 5

functions of albumin

Answer 5

1. maintenance of osmotic pressure in the blood and prevention of edema
2. transport of lipids like free fatty acids, bilirubin, steroid hormones and drugs
3. binding and transport of calcium ions in the blood

Question 6

Dietary deficiency of proteins and often infections, decreased synthesis of albumin

Answer 6

Kwashiorkor

Question 7

Severe liver damage that impairs the synthesis of serum proteins and decreased synthesis of albumin

Answer 7

Liver cirrhosis

Question 8

Wilson disease characteristics

Answer 8

Very low blood levels of ceruloplasmin as hepatic copper binding is deficient. (Deficiency of a copper-transporting ATPase). Apoceruloplasmin (without copper) is released into the blood where it is degraded.

Question 9

“Kayser-Fleischer rings” is characteristic of:

Answer 9

Copper toxicity in Wilson disease

Question 10

Disease characterized by damage due to copper accumulation in the liver, leakage into the blood and deposits in brain, eyes, kidney and skin. Hepatic dysfunction, neurologic and psychiatric symptoms

Answer 10

Wilson disease

Question 11

Acute hemolysis leads to : [ low or high ] serum level of free haptoglobin

Answer 11

low

Question 12

The alpha-2 globulin that binds to free hemoglobin dimers in the blood and prevents loss of Hb in urine

Answer 12

Haptoglobin

Question 13

Transferrin, hemopexin, and LDL are constituents of which globulin fraction?

Answer 13

Beta-globulin fraction

Question 14

Which beta-globulin transports ferric iron in blood between: intestine, liver, bone marrow and spleen?

Answer 14

Transferrin

Question 15

Patients with iron deficiency show what kind of saturation?

Answer 15

Low transferrin saturation

Question 16

Patients with iron overload show what kind of saturation?

Answer 16

High transferrin saturation

Question 17

Hemopexin prevents:

Answer 17

1. Heme-induced damage of plasma membranes (heme insertion and ROS)
2. Heme usage by microbes: heme is an important source of iron for pathogenic microorganisms

Question 18

Found in blood and lymph and it is the first antibody to be produced in response to an antigen (infection)

Answer 18

IgM (mono-first)

Question 19

(smallest and most common) is found in all body fluids. It is produced by repeated exposure to the same antigen. IgG can cross the placenta giving passive immunity to the fetus and newborn

Answer 19

IgG (repeated g, exposure more than twice)

Question 20

Is found in the lung, skin, mucous membranes, and secreted in allergic reactions

Answer 20

IgE (think about Epi-pen reaction)

Question 21

Is found in body secretions and protects body surfaces. It is the main antibody found in human milk.

Answer 21

IgA (“go to IGA for milk”)

Question 22

role in serum is uncertain

Answer 22

IgD

Question 23

Example of monoclonal gammopathy

Answer 23

Multiple myeloma, tumor of the plasma cells
-Peak in the gamma globulin band

Question 24

Positive hepatic acute-phase reactants

Answer 24

1. alpha1-antitrypsin
2. ceruloplasmin
3. haptoglobin
4. hemopexin
5. alpha2-macroglobulin

Question 25

Negative hepatic acute-phase reactants

Answer 25

1. albumin
2. transcortin
3. retinol-binding protein
4. transferrin

Question 26

Protein that is synthesized and released during inflammation and was first found in blood of patients with acute inflammation.

Answer 26

C-reactive protein (CRP)
*Reacted with the c-polypeptide of pneuomococcus