CNS-Brain Flashcards
Folds in the brain
Gyri
Grooves in the brain
Sulci
Deep groove in the brain
Called longitudinal fissure
Generalized functions of the lobes
Sensory, motor, visual, auditory, language and higher cognitive functions, memory
Thalamus
Relaying and modulating sensory input to cerebrum
-Modulating cerebral activity to regulate motor function
Hypothalamus
Homeostasis; growth and reproduction
Brainstem
Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata
-Vegetative functions such as cardio regulation, swallowing, yawning, etc.
Cerebellum
Posture, balance, and smooth coordinated movements
The Cortex Cranial Nerves
CN I - CN II
Midbrain Cranial Nerves
CN III - CN IV
Pons Cranial Nerves
CN V - CN VIII
Medulla Cranial Nerves
CN IX - XII
Inner gray matter (nuclei)
Cell bodies of neurons and glial cells
Outer white matter (tracts)
Myelinated axons, neural “highways”
Is the dorsal horn part of the sensory or motor tract?
Sensory
Is the ventral horn part of the sensory or motor tract?
Motor
Visceral afferent fibers
Nerve fibers coming from organs to the spinal cord cell body
Adrenergic, noradrenergic
A nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter; also, a synapse in which norepinephrine is the primary transmitter
Adrenoceptor, adrenergic receptor
A receptor that binds, and is activated by, one of the catecholamine transmitters or hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine) and related drugs
Baroreceptor reflex
The homeostatic mechanism that maintains a constant mean arterial blood pressure; the sensory limb originates in the baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch; efferent pathways run in parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves to the heart and blood vessels
Cholinergic
A nerve ending that releases acetylcholine; also, a synapse in which the primary transmitter is acetylcholine
Cholinoceptor, cholinergic receptor
A receptor that binds, and is activated by, acetylcholine and related drugs
Dopaminergic
A nerve ending that releases dopamine as the primary transmitter; also a synapse in which dopamine is the primary transmitter
Homeostatic reflex
A compensatory mechanism for maintaining a body function at a predetermined level, for example, the baroreceptor reflex for blood pressure control
Non-adrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) system
Nerve fibers associated with autonomic nerves that release any transmitter other than norepinephrine or acetylcholine
Parasympathetic
The part of the autonomic nervous system that originates in the cranial nerves (and traditionally, the sacral part of the spinal cord); the craniosacral autonomic system
Postsynaptic receptor
A receptor located on the distal side of a synapse, for example, on a postganglionic neuron or an autonomic effector cell
Presynaptic receptor
A receptor located on the nerve ending from which the transmitter is released into the synapse; modulates the release of transmitter