Embryology/Cell & Organ Derivatives

Question 1

Which layer secretes human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in early pregnancy tests?

Answer 1

Syncytiotrophoblast

Question 2

Neural crest cells’ derivatives

Answer 2

-PNS
-Melanocytes
-Glial & Schwann cells
-Cranial nerves
-Odontoblasts
-Connective tissue & bones of face & skull
-Cells of the adrenal medulla
-Bulbar and truncal ridges of the heart

Question 3

Neural Tube derivatives

Answer 3

-CNS
-Retina
-Pineal body
-Posterior pituitary

Question 4

The 2 derivatives of the Neuroectoderm

Answer 4

1) Neural Tube
2) Neural Crest Cells

Question 5

Ectoderm derivatives

Answer 5

-Epidermis, nails, sweat glands, lens, anterior pituitary
-Sensory cells of the ear and olfactory epithelium, lower anal canal

Question 6

Sclerotome

Answer 6

Bone tissue derived from the paraxial mesoderm

Question 7

Myotome

Answer 7

Muscle tissue derived from the paraxial mesoderm

Question 8

Dermatome

Answer 8

Skin tissue derived from the paraxial mesoderm

Question 9

Embryological origin of the urogenital organs and ducts

Answer 9

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 10

Derivatives of the lateral mesoderm

Answer 10

-Heart
-Spleen
-Adrenals
-Parietal/Somatic layer
-Visceral/Splanchnic layer

Question 11

Derivatives of the endoderm

Answer 11

-Epithelial lining of gut and associated glands (liver, pancreas, gall bladder)
-Epithelial lining of the respiratory organs (trachea, bronchus, lungs), tonsils, middle ear and pharyngotympanic tube
-Epithelial lining of bladder, most of urethra and lower vaginal canal

Question 12

Embryological origin of the parathyroid and thyroid glands

Answer 12

Endoderm