Renal Physiology

Question 1

Mannitol

Answer 1

MOA: Inhibit water and solute reabsorption by increasing osmolarity of tubular fluid
-Site of Action: Mainly proximal tubules
-Class of Diuretics: Osmotic diuretics

Question 2

Loop Diuretics:

Answer 2

Furosemide, Bumetanide

Question 3

Mechanism of Action of loop diuretics

Answer 3

Inhibit the Na/Cl co-transport in the luminal membrane of the thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 4

Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 4

Hypochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone

Question 5

Thiazide Diuretics Mechanism of action

Answer 5

Inhibit Na/Cl co-transport in the luminal membrane of the early distal tubules

Question 6

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 6

Acetazolamide

Question 7

Mechanism of action of acetazolamide

Answer 7

Inhibit H+ secretion and HCO2 resorption, which reduces Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubules

Question 8

Aldosterone antagonists

Answer 8

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Question 9

Mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonists

Answer 9

Inhibit action of aldosterone on tubular receptor, decrease Na reabsorption, and decrease K+ secretion in the collecting tubules

Question 10

Sodium channel blockers

Answer 10

Triamterene, amiloride

Question 11

Mechanism of action of sodium channel blockers

Answer 11

Block entry of Na into Na channels of luminal membrane, decrease Na reabsorption, and decrease K secretion in the collecting tubules

Question 12

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 12

Kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine
-Peripheral edema, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia

Question 13

Nephritic syndrome

Answer 13

Increases RBC release into the urine as hematuria

Question 14

Hydronephrosis

Answer 14

Distention and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces